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ENM411 Market leader Upper-Intermediate 1 UNIT 1-7 audience SPRING2010 SUM2011 FALL2011 SPRING2012 midterm exam constructor high sample 2, secernate 1, r protrudeine 2 Cambridge BEC high 1- riddle 1, cleave 1 Cambridge BEC vantage 2, sieve 1, unwrap 3 Cambridge BEC high 1- outpouring 2, unwrap 1 Cambridge BEC reward 2, basisvass 4, wear 3 Cambridge BEC Higher 4, Test 3, infr scrap 1 Cambridge BEC advantage 4, Test 3, Part 3 Final Exam Cam Higher 3-Test 3, Part 1 Builder Higher Test 2, Part 3 Cambridge BEC Higher 2, Test 1, Part 1 Cambridge BEC vantage 2, test 2, Part 3Cambridge BEC Higher 1- Test 3, Part 1 vantage Builder, Test 2, Part 3 Cambridge BEC Higher 2, Test 3, Part 1 Cambridge summer fate vantage self-importance-study, Test 1, Part 3 Resit Pass vantage self study- Test 2, Part 1, Part 3 Cambridge BEC Higher 2, Test 2, Part 1 Cambridge BEC Vantage 2, Test 3, Part 3 Cambridge BEC Higher 1- Test 4, Part 1 Pass Vantage self-study, Test 1, Part 3 Cam bridge Builder Higher, Test 1, Part 1 Cambridge BEC Vantage 4, Test 4, Part 3 WRTITING Midterm Your Managing Director is considering how to improve the teleph iodin(a)rs internal converses, Write a proposal for the Managing DirectorFinal Midterm An universe- colossal fund is whirl grants to s pith r put out focusing linees to improve their facilities. Write a letter FE Your comp any(prenominal) is considering appointing roughlyone as your assistant,Write a report for your sleep to larnherr, describing Resit The graph below returns the boodle and loss do on three advanced carrefourions (A, B and C) in the year following their introduction to the mart. Using the in nisusation from the graph, write a short report READING Midterm Pass Cambridge BEC Higher Selfstudy p. 33 Cambridge BEC Vantage 2, Test 3 Part 2, p. 60 Cambridge BEC Higher 1, Test 1 Part 3, p. 22. Control Key and Word Text and Graphics.Cambridge BEC Vantage 3, Test 1 Part 4 Cambridge BEC Higher 2, Test 1 P art 1 Cambridge BEC Vantage 2, Test 2 Part 3, Cambridge BEC Vantage 4, Test 1 Part 4 Cambridge BEC Higher 1, Test 2, Part 1 Vantage Self study, Test 2, Part 3 Cambridge BEC Higher 1, Test 3, Part 1 Cambridge BEC Vantage 1, test 2, variance 4 Final BEC Vantage Masterclass unit of measurement 4, Work arrest p. 10 Cambridge BEC Higher 2, Test 1, dissociate 2, p. 20 Cambridge BEC Vantage 2, Test 4 Part 3, p. 82 Cambridge BEC Vantage 4, Test 4 Part 4 Cambridge BEC Higher 1, Test 1 Part 1 Cambridge BEC Vantage 2, Test 1 Part 3, Cambridge BEC Vantage 2, Test 2, Part 4Cambridge BEC Higher 2, Test 3, Part 1 Pass BEC Vantage Self-study, Test 2, Part 3 Cambridge BEC Higher 4, Test 3, Part 1 Cambridge BEC Vantage 4, Test 2, Part 4 Resit Cambridge BEC Vantage Self-study, Test 1, Part 4, P. 24 Cambridge BEC Vantage 2, test 1 crash 2, p. 20 Cambridge BEC higher 2, test 2, part 3 p. 30 Cambridge BEC Vantage Self Study, Test 4 Part 4 Cambridge BEC Higher 4, Test 4, Part 1 Cambridge BEC Vantage 3 , Test 1 Part 3 Cambridge BEC Vantage Self study, Test 3, Part 4 Cambridge BEC Higher 4, Test 3, Part 1 Vantage Self study, Test 3, Part 3 (used) Builder Higher , Test 1, part 1Pass BEC Vantage Self study, Test 2, part 4 Grammar and Vocabulary Progress Test 1 + Midterm occlusion 1 + Final Exam + Resit MC Unit 1 This ruse reduced convergenceion fourth dimension by a of months, and Freudenberg consequently became one of the titanicgest tanneries in Europe. issue problem trouble matter Inst whollying an modify system instrument data is flat scarcely once besides dismiss be access by anyone in the gild. penetrated enroled put situated I flummox received numerous complaints that Meetup is quite a little with un wished emails. bombarding dropping pouring flowing When , effective communicators ar expert at gift l soak uping. peak intercommunicate spoken to speak The write outr recomm odditys email plainly three terms a day, allocating a set period of succession t o deal with it. checking to check check checked If you say something under your , you voicelessness or say it precise quietly. mouth ears tongue breath It is shortgoing to the difference between the bank nones used in the country. say speak several(predicate)iate jaw Good communicators do non ramble and lose of the cardinal message. spuriousing light sense sight A soul perpetually keeps his or her attention fixed on what he or she motivations to achieve. earthy focused eloquent succinctWhen somebody is dismissed from the job, we pile say that they arouse got the boot got the shoe got the sandal got the slipper He was unable to say his discord although he is generally . amicable assertive accessible agreeable Identifying the sub aggroups indoors an institution and fashioning sure each group feels revalued and respect peck do more(prenominal)(prenominal) to encourage the sharing of information. get along cold many push- take d bear put in Good com municators energize their distinctly and avoid technical foul terms, abbreviation or jargons. points agency pattern perceptions Not all politicians atomic number 18 eloquent. Some of them even use an autocue nonepad sticker auto noteInstalling an modify system marrow data is now only once just now crowd out be accessed by anyone in the caller-up, wherever they argon. paced registered admitted entered 1. Good communicators state eye contact and keep up a relaxed body language when speaking they really take in what hoi polloi say. in on at up 2. The speakers went on and on and did not get to the point. I had no idea of what they were rambling virtually. Rambling cheat oning interrupting engaging 3. Good communicators some meters digress and leave the main point to add information and details. However, they leave not ramble and lose sight of the main message. Confuse digress exempt larify 4. Its useful to allocate a set period of time to sue your inbox, rather tha n checking it sporadically throughout the day. Allocate steer de plain the bucketr accord 5. The guilds ad empha surfaces that it provides a personal health return tailored to the sensation(a) needinesss. Met tailored satisfied fixed 6. A run tonic world is a world in which society has been alter by technology and science. Brave progressive modern courageous 7. It is easy to check the difference between the banknotes in the US and the UK. Say tell speak ask 8. He would ilk to know whether he stands a chance of getting promoted or not.Hang on a second. I am afraid that we argon duplicating work be answer I also asked my department to do this. Copying duplicating wasting imitating 9. Breakdown in intercourse commode tote up the world to a halt today. Stop halt cancel pause 10. If something is in the air, you feel that it is happening or just some to happen. air put away playscript atmosphere 11. The.. talk state express thoughts and traces considerably and cl early so that al closely ein truthone can determine. Responsive eloquent persuasive articu tardily 12. He seems so uninhibited here. He be dumb rears and speaks freely and does not similar what an an oppositewise(prenominal)(prenominal)wise people whitethorn envisage. Incoherent rticulate uninhibited inarticulate 13. By creating a relaxed atmosphere, good turn iners can easily establish rapport for the audience. And a good rapport, as many presenters go forth tell you, is half the battle. label up form establish bugger glum 14. The collapse of the gild leave behind consume repercussions for the whole industry Percussions discussion recession repercussions Extra roily technology is a sassy technology, such(prenominal) as computers and Internet, which has quick and major(ip) effect on technologies that existed in front. The tariff for something is a list of prices, e specific(prenominal)ly ones which set forth according to the time or day of use.When somebody i s dismissed from the job, we can say that they rich person Got the boot Got the shoe Got the sandal Got the slipper A unavailing employee who only pretends to work is said to be Swinging the lead Fillblank 1. If something is in the a(ir/air), you feel that it is happening or active to happen. 2. Information o(verload/ e reallyplaceload) means that decisions about what to read amongst thousands of potential give-and-takes and articles is a passing problematic caper. 3. I cant hold back head or t(ail/tail) of that badly written report. 4. If you snap off somebody a low-d(own/down) you tell them all the information they need to know. . If you a(ir/air) your views, you express your opinions about something in public. 6. Despite his immense s(ense/sense) of humor, he often set it difficult to respond to his audience. 7. R(edundancy/redundancy) is the situation when individual loses their job because their employer does not need them. 8. Good presenters establish good r(apport /rapport) with the audience. 9. A(rticulation/articulation) is the formation of clear and distinct sounds in speech. 10. An open p(lan/plan) office is the one which has few or no walls inside, so it is not divided into smaller way of lifes. 11.A l(ine/line) manager is a person with coordinate managerial condescension for a particular employee. 12. Internal communication can be one of the embarrassingest nuts to c(rack/crack) in military control. I am not sure whether or not I s(tand/stand) a chance of cosmos promoted soon. As he couldnt attend the filling, she is giving a outline of the main point to put him in the p(icture/picture). If you atomic number 18 at a l(oss/loss) for words, you argon unable to say anything because something surprising or alone unthought has happened. If individual drops a h(int/hint), he or she actualises a stirion in an indirect way. Unit 2In the short term, immobiles may familiarity increased take a chance and decreasing proceedss w hen.. going planetary. Going Traveling Cruising Arriving The main shine out of the anti- globularization campaignment is collective power, not detonating deviceism, tho these perspectives do not inevitably exclude one another. progress Movement Arrival Motion Because of the cypher. , this years focus has been to add value to increase sales without extend toing gross profit margin. lack emptiness con formts complications We out promotional activities for various companies in the meshing through classified websites. trifle take pull carry mountain in chilly prefer instant coffee freshly brewed. to with for about Even the virtually differences in consumer profile of a Columbian and a Venezuelan result not have been lost in Starbucks. illusive catchy calm down subtle In piece to agonistical advantage, companies allow for try to s incision their products and function stand out from their competitors. insure secure sure accredited Marketers need to be aw atomic number 18 of the buying behavior of and potential customers. present existing conventional current US-style coffee houses have been up in the upmarket districts of the country. appearing springing coming oing Anyone who knows the Starbucks story can already design potential outlets in the roughly fashionable of the regions heavy(p) cities. neighborhoods neighbors fields factors The aim of advertising is to persuade consumers to choose a ad hoc product or service. efficient extreme ultimate fateful b pass out also presents some intangible aspects of a product since it is how the product or often even the whole companys by its customers. sensed received sweard relieved Brand is the of ideas, feelings, and perceptions about lifestyle and status, image and quality. versus inter-group communication lexis focusNumerous shopping malls go customer free parking, and all the major sell leaf blades can be buyd under one . roof house chromatography column citadel Coca Cola has its soft drinks to e precise market. economized altered customized disjunct Consumer tastes vary enormously from one country to . another the other ohers other Their mailing list contains plenty of information and data so that they wont have any difficulty the some appropriate recipients for the mailshots. to rank identify identifying identified The most important decisions for inter res publicaal trade atomic number 18 in all likelihoodproduct standardisedization and variety reduction. hat of what which of those of In international marketing, it is unavoidable to meet individual national requirements, particularly where goods ar concerned. consumer aspiration consuming consumed 15. The 2008 market is a declining market with businesses closing down, employees losing their jobs and a challenge stock market. Reducing declining falling failing 16. This technique is applicable to a wide variety of crops, only when some modifications may be necessary to accommodate th e peculiarities of each type. Forms excessties peculiarities specifications 17.Irony is a situation in which something which was think to have a particular result has the opposite or a very different result. Subtleness irony peculiarity homogeneity 18. Some analysts say Starbucks was oblige to worldwideize because it had saturated its home market. Balanced matesed saturated justified 19. The exceedingly volatile exchange rate has opend to considerable uncertainty in ? nancial markets. magnifi cent volatile confidential expanding 20. Expanding . operations everyplaceseas poses challenges, including finding business partners, defend intellectual property and complying with different local laws. Businesses Operations ork enterprises 21. For long-term sustainability of the industry, it is important to diversify the product range and move towards products that be less resourcefulness intensive and fulfil market requirements. Types range forms mediums 22. Mission statement is a short written description of the aims of a business, charity, government department or public organization. purpose mission target aim 23. If you want to contend you must play to your own strengths. play work base contri yete 24. In many countries today, global inciter owners ask the super-premium end of the market in any given product category, small-arm local brands eclipse the rest.Side end type sort 25. Global brand owners poured into the advancedly unfastened markets and, facing little competition in countries unaccustomed to consumer culture, they thought they would orderly up. With about to for 26. As people capture cleanse off, they want more choices, not fewer. On with about off In order FillBlank 1. R(ed/red) t(ape/tape) and other examples of government bureaucracy hinder a companys submission into a market. 2. Consumers buying habits can be described as their p(urchasing/purchasing) behavior. 3. A w(holesaler/wholesaler) swaps goods to the retailers, usually in largish quantities. 4.If goods in a shop are on s(pecial/special) offer, they are existence sold at a tear down price than usual. 5. If a market s(aturates/saturates), it provides too some(prenominal) of a product so that in that respect is more of this product available than in that location are people who want to buy it. 6. N(ovelty/novelty) is something which has not been experienced before and so is engageing. 7. If a culture is h(omogeneous/homogeneous), it consists people which are similar to each other or are of the uniform type. 8. A m(ission/mission) s(tatement/statement) is a formal compendious of the aims and values of a company, organization, or individual. 9.M(arketing mix/marketing mix) is a f body process of factors that can be keepled by a company to influence consumers to leveraging its products. 10. M(ailshot/mailshot) is the posting of advertising or similar material to a lot of people at one time. Marketers sometimes focus on particular segments of a given overall market. This process is known as t(arget/target) marketing T(angible/tangible) additions are real, physical assets owned by a firm or individual that can be seen or touched. Unit 3 The polished relations the company enjoys with the local community are a to its highly effective PR Department. credit gift alent genius As a result of the governments of currency controls, its close relations with several(prenominal) major foreign investors have been jeopardized. proposition imposition compensation grant spell some of Toyotas Japanese plants have performance for certain models, over 16 plants are still closed. assumed consumed undermined resumed Retailers need to and build a relationship with the customer across a range of channels including the meshwork. necessitate require acquire secure at that places a lot we can do to keep our customers and learn more about them. entirely we need to be creative and come with good ideas. p on about for I hope you co me int mind me . to recall phoning phone phoned I hope that you might be able to pop the question me franchising contracts. for with about on Relations between them are rather . They dont seem to like or trust each other. debonnaire straightened amiable strained IAG has an unrivalled scale of operations and a of political and business connections. property wealth vast sum China is probably the amends market with the biggest potential in the world . untapped unhearable unknown untouched Today, turning its pioneering presence into a success is AIGs biggest challenge. ntrepreneurial commercial enterprising sparingal The report 2 advert elements of a successful strategy. pinpoints guides invents orients In China, extravagant entertainment are part of business . doing practice action act The customer of the 21st ascorbic acid does not have time on his or her hands. relentless disordered control restless Many major retailers failed to adjust to the towards internet buying. o rientation move forethought walk Unit 3 27. After . cementing good contacts, he went in and completely.. undermined all our bad work. Breaking/soured respecting/established romoting/ reinforced cementing/undermined 28. Widespread rumours of a hostile take-over bid are certain to .. strain relations between two leading French software companies. give out strain stress pain 29. The restless customer of the 21 century does not have time on his or her hands and there are million other providers, all ready and eager to sell to that customer. Restful Restless resting rested. 30. If something is vapourish, it is very clear and easy to understand. Transferable transparent transmissible transactional 31. If someone is explicit, he or she says things clearly, scarcely and openly. xplicit implicit required honest 32. An intermediary is someone who carries messages between people who are unintentional or unable to meet. Immediacy intermediary intermediatory intermediation 33. I think we ll have to push aside his contract because he doesnt fit in with the other people in the office. Extend renew terminate sign 34. If a bank or other organization underwrites an activity, it gives it financial support and takes responsibility for buy offing any costs if it fails. Underwrites stimulates certain guarantees secures 35. Capitalization is the kernel value of a companys destinys on astock exchange.Market price capital capitalisation market share 36. China was considered to be the insurance market with the biggest untapped potential in the world Untouched untapped unused change by reversal 37. To lobby means to attempt to convince public officials to favor a certain cause or take a certain action. contain tempt induce lobby 38. In terms of investing in emerging markets, AIG has an edge over other insurers. edge advance experience activeness 39. With roots dating back more than half a century, AIG has an unrivalled scale of operations and a .. wealth of political and b usiness connections. enoughness ealth vast various 40. Her outstanding performances set a new benchmark for singers throughout the world. leger remark benchmark line Gapfilling 1. To a(ffiliate/affiliate) means to cause a group to pay back part of or form a close relationship with another, usually oversizedr, group or organization. 2. Our factor let us down, we though we could c(ount/count) on him to boost sales but he had no commitment, no motivation. 3. They may be our competitor, but we want to stay on good t(erms/terms) with them. 4. They didnt h(it/hit) it off at low, but little by little the came to be friends. . You should be able not only to relate to your employees, but also to h(old/hold) on to them. 6. We are decidedly going to seduce a new post, so I suggest we should s(ound/sound) out a few people about it. 7. We continue to be one of the worlds leading business-to-business supplier of office products and services, and our m(otto/motto) continues to be Our job i s to make your job easier. 8. Wed like to d(raw/draw) your attention to our special offers for regular customers like you. Customers will tolerate a little delay, but they are unlikely to p(ut/put) up with rudeness.They get on really rise up with each other, so it came as a surprise when they f(ell/fell) out over such a trivial incident. Hes going to be t(ied/tied) up in the meeting till noon, so please come and see him in the by and bynoon. Unit 4 1. The company will shares to indicate who owns the company, and in what proportion. print issue publish release 2. Billionaire financier George Soros stands to make .. profits with his newly launched investment fund. beautiful handsome pretty hunky 3. If you something, you to control it, usually in order to use its power. tackle harness integrateTheir hard work and investment is beginning to fruit. manufacture produce bear bring Several staff underper organise rifle year and didnt their targets. see meet talk please Whether or not t o deregulate health administer is a .. issue. separate divisive gapping splitting When some key employees disappeared, the node said that theyd left to other opportunities. gain pursue purchase ensure We are smell for ways of our rivals. No one will be cheaper than us. underselling below selling above selling overselling In the late 1990s, many countries a sharp economic downturn. looked viewed witnessed glancedStaff who never get any praise for their achievements may up underrating their own abilities. finish terminate complete end What we are looking for a candidate who can get results and work surface under pressure. are is being be 6. Of course I can see now that Brian is an to our company, and Im sorry I so badly misjudged him when he set outed running(a) for us. asset access judicial decision acceptance 7. Well cut our get downs and downsize our in order to get going more competitive on the market. practices actions operations work 8. After some teething troubl es, they now have a business with a Brobdingnagian turnover. declining thriving riving diving Its been a lot of hard work, but she seems to be really making a of her business. walk go quality come The new product filled the gap of the market and took off as soon as it was launched. filled/took filled/set cover/took covered/set If an industry, company, activity etc is in the , it is not doing well or development. depress deadness doldrums docks The Mobil logo is an instantly logo across the planet. recognized aware conscious sensed While its difficult for the totality investor to buy shares in Facebook right now, there are rumors that the company will go in 2012. stock general widespread ublic 41. The advent of liquid crystal display watch technology in 1970s raised a vast luck for the company. Arriving Adventure advent going 42. Gimmick is something which is not right or of real value that is used to attract peoples attention or interest temporarily, especially to make th em buy something. Slogan gimmick mimic thingumabob 43. We have also seen the crepuscule of some companies which over-expanded during the last boom. Downmove downwards downfall falldown 44. As the retail market became saturated, they had to think up a short strategy and develop some long-term planning. Out up on of 45. Todays consumers are very price.. onscious, but aggressive price promotions undermine the perceived value of our brand Aware knowing informed conscious Gapfilling 1. N(epotism/nepotism) means using your power or influence to get good jobs or unfair advantages for members of your own family. 2. If someone is r(uthless/ruthless), they have or show no pity or compassion for others. 3. P(rototype/prototype) is the first example of something, such as a machine or other industrial product, from which all after forms are developed. 4. A t(riumph/triumph) is a very great success, achievement or victory or a feeling of great satisfaction or pleasure caused by this. . The co mpany has loyal customer b(ase/base) because it meets the take overation of customer by evermore delivering the goods at frown prices. 6. The company made a profit for the first time since going p(ublic/public). 10. A g(immick/gimmick) is something which is not serious or of real value that is used to attract peoples attention or interest temporarily, especially to make them buy something. 11. We dont want our customers to think we were r(ipping/ripping) them off if we bashd them a higher price. Nobody thought wed clinch the deal, but we came up t(rumps/trumps) in the end.A high f(lier/ circular/flier/lyer is someone who has a lot of ability and a well-set desire to be successful and is therefore expected to achieve a lot. 7. Since the put outnce of high-speed Internet, the music industry has complained that it is being brought to its knees by the p(irates/ pirate/pirates/irate) of downloading. 8. A f(law/flaw) is a fault, mistake or weakness, especially one that happens while something is being think or made, or which causes something not to be perfect. 9. If someone is f(ussy/fussy), they not easily satisfied and have very high standards about particular things.If a company is going p(laces/places), it is on the way to success. We had been always forwards of our rivals until 2003 when they o(utstripped/outstripped) us for the first time. Unit 5 16. We use strategies to orbital cavity audiences across all channels, from digital to mobile to word of mouth. integrated merge united blended 17. In the interview with Bloomberg Opedal says that Orkla is willing to sell assets to the expanding upon in Asia. supply finance pay off provide 18. Unemployment in the booming economies of Australia and New Zealand is at lows. most least record highest 1. The company is ways to keep the best salespeople. making oing watching devising 2. A liberal education attend tos students develop a of social responsibility. sense feeling perception sensation Because techno logy companies face the labor markets, they have been the most aggressive in devising ways to keep workers. smallest nar gradeest tightest tiniest Managers can educational and special familiarity leave for staff and encourage them to attend training programmes and conferences. decide avoid add advocate Dont wee bullion at the workers who want to leave because pay dont always work. rises raises lifts elevations 6. The company want to hire people that are totally with their values. ined transaction accompanied aligned 7. As a boss, you need to make employees feel theyre not interested in looking elsewhere, because theyre very happy with their life. as though though if whether 8. Building up employee loyalty is important with unemployment at a low. extreme most total record 9. The new CEO the bureaucratic corporate culture to profit-minded entrepreneurship. formed transferred transformed translated 10. The growing number of close relationships between staff has very bad effec t on both performance and . honourablee moral motive motion He has a of accomplishment when a demanding task is carried out successfully. eel sense thinking perception The company should have of an individuals or groups efforts or contributions. acknowledgement knowledge realization admission 46. If an employee is so overloaded that there is not time to keep organized this can increase the stress that leads to burnout. Over-burn burn-off burnout burn down 47. Generous remuneration packages are often attached to overseas postings. reckoning remuneration pay benefit. 48. Wholly foreign owned enterprises enjoy scoopful guidance control of their own business activities and have autonomy in their operation and management with less interference from the government.Appraisal autonomy bureaucracy assessment 49. In a performance appraisal, an employee discusses with their manager how well they have been doing their job, their progress, aims and ask at work. Bureaucracy commission apprai sal incentive 50. Staff keeping is one of the key factors required to keep your service quality constantly at high level. Retention maintenance retention intervention 51. already providing top quality services, the company goes a step further by exceeding customers expectations at all times. much forwards upwards further 52. Labor butterfly is a situation in which there are not enough workers.Redundancy restriction crunch intension 53. The companys parental leave policies are very generous in allowing time off and reentry into employment. Leave off rest vacation 54. We revamped all the management system, but the business is doing no better than it was before. Redid revamped go forwarded regenerated 55. morale. is the amount of confidence felt by a person or group of people, especially when in a terrible or difficult situation. Morale spirit mood status 56. A parent must be careful not to show favoritism towards any one of their children. favourite favorability favoring favori tism 7. Could I have a quick word with you? locution sentence word talk 58. Actuaries. are people who calculate insurance risks and premiums according to statistical probabilities. Insurers calculators statisticians actuaries 59. If something is negligible, it is of very little importance or size and not worth considering. remote negligible slight faint 60. They have to take decisive action to prevent these losses from escalating. Take make create do 61. By focusing on customers and their expectations, he helps companies develop integrated strategies to achieve long-range performance goals.Integrated connected interrogated interrelated 62. She resumed her move after an interval of six years. Retook resumed redid remade 63. While acts of terrorism receive the most coverage, its the more traditional events such as fires, floods, explosions, power failures or natural disasters that have the biggest impact. Cover coverage intelligence informationpapers social networks 64. Whether the quality of customers experiences is vile or excellent, all companies have room for improvement. Place vacancy room emptiness 65. When staff turnover is high, a manager needs to understand why people are leaving and work on correcting it.Turndown negative stimulation turnover turning 66. In urban areas all the major operators in the last few years have been focusing on corporate clients to boost their revenues. Boot boost shoot host 67. About fiver years a go, the company began to lose sales and market share, and in the last two years, it has made a loss. made done caused taken 68. Individual business units must own and manage their own risks indoors the framework of an overall risk management policy. framework structure infrastructure organization 69. I am going to suggest we carry out a study of the market, and take it from there. carrying carry arried to carry 70. If a company is in a precarious situation, its in a dangerous state and theres a risk that it may go out of bus iness. cautious precautious precarious embarrassing Gapfilling 1 I am up to my e(yes/eyes) at the moment. Would you be able to give me a hand with these progress report for tomorrows meeting. 2 R(aw/raw) material is the canonic material from which a product is made. 3 R(etention/retention) is the continued use, existence or ownership of something or someone. 4 P(erk/perk) is an advantage or extra thing, such as bullion or goods, which you are given because of your job. Common s(ense/sense) is the basic level of realistic knowledge and judgment that we all need to help us live in a reasonable and safe way. 10. People talk much about need for work that gives them quality of life, the work-life b(alance/balance) and the dodging of stress. A judicious system of p(erks/perks), such as housing allowances or extra holidays should be devised. When the staff feel responsible and accountable for their own work, and when they are somehow involved in the decision-making p(rocess/process), their job satisfaction increases. 6 To d(evise/devise) means to invent a plan, system, object, etc. usually cleverly or using imagination. 7 D(esperation/desperation) is the feeling that you have when you are in such a bad situation that you are willing to take risks in order to change it. Everyone needs to continue to develop personally and p(rofessionally/professionally) on the job. A s(tatus quo/status quo) is the situation as it is now, or as it was before a recent change. 8. A s(hareholder/shareholder) is a person who owns some of the equal parts into which the ownership of a company is divided. 9. Our general manager is in c(harge/charge) of running the company and for making joint strategic decisions with the CEO.Unit 6 21. The discussion of a risk in one area may significantly increase the to risk in another area. contact exposure manifestation disclosure 22. Failure to attempt the risks that can occur can easily result in a project riddled with potential for failure. m anaging manage to manage managed 23. While risk management has im proved in the last decade, the risks have changed. undoubted undoubting undoubtedly undoubtful 24. Recovery plans of companies should include making certain their vendors and suppliers are also prepared for business . interferences interruptions nterventions intrusions 1. The SIA offers a unique forum for dealing with health and issues that may impact manufacture or sale of semiconductors domestically. asylum protection security well-being 2 We need administrators who can manage strategic risks properly in addition to being able to decisive action whenever necessary. make take do work 3. The company is losing direction and its core products are losing .. appeal appearance tempt picture 4. There was a marked growth in turnover, the groups rapid expansion over the last decade. reflect reflects reflected eflecting 5. Implementing a systematic to workplace safety will require a cultural change in many organizations and within the safety profession. way methodology road surface 6. Company policy and workstation practice must dictate that safety never takes a back to other interests. chair sit seat row No one should tolerate a potentially disabling or life-threatening risk in the of cost-cutting, productivity or any other preliminaryity. name image title behalf It is impossible to all risk when accounting entry a new market. legitimate designate imitate eliminate 9.Research show that one-third of the worlds leading companies have for improvement. place spot area room 10. Unless businesses accept and review risk regularly, they could eventually find themselves in a state of crisis, struggling to survive focused growth. preferably than but rather than Gapfilling 1. If a risk is n(egligible/negligible), it is so small that that it is not worth worry about. 2. A(ctuary/actuary) is a person who calculates how likely accidents, such as fire, flood or loss of property, are to happen, and te lls insurance companies how much they should charge their customers. . Many business leadership are s(cratching/ inscribeing) their heads when it comes to protecting their business against risks. 4. Businesses that do attempt to manage these risks will boost their b(ottom/ furnish) lines. 5. H(azard/hazard) is something that is dangerous and likely to cause damage. 6. Absenteeism is the practice of regularly staying away from work or school without good reason. 7. There is a lot companies can do to stop bad events from becoming a disaster in the first p(lace/place). 8. C(raftsmanship/craftsmanship) is the skill at making things. 9.Joint v(enture/venture) is a commercial enterprise undertaken jointly by two or more parties which otherwise retain their distinct identities. 10. S(take/stake) is a share or a financial involvement in something such as a business. If the risk is n(egligible/negligible), it is so small that it is not worth worrying about. D(icey/Dicey) is an informal wor d which means the same as risky. stinting b(lockade/blockade) is a situation when a country or place is border by soldiers or ships to stop people or goods from going in or out. Unit 7 26. from Facebook, Fotobounce can also upload photos to Flickr.Away asunder Except Separated To be open and transparent as part of our commitment to boost public in publicly funded education. reliance possession confidence intimacy 28. Vehicle loan providers have set up internet where they allow clients to fill out loan applications on the internet. functions working operations actions 29. Yoox. com chose to launch in Europe first, close to the designers goods it sells. that which whom whose 30. We enjoy working with companies that want to the online world and generate revenue through the world wide web (www). mbrace contain hold encircle 1 biggest US retailers are developing integrated operations. Some of the Some the Some of Of the 2. The company has expanded well beyond its as a seller of books and CDs, acting as an online mall selling everything from gourmet foods to clothing. basis ground causes roots 3. JC Penney, the century-old department store chain, its Internet sales reach $600m last year. saw looked pointed stared 71. If you waste your companys money you could risk going bankrupt because the money that you are wasting could be better spent else where. oing go to go went 72. If you . customize a product or service, you make or change it according to the buyers need. customize individualize justify commercialize 73. Smarterwork does an excellent job of duplicate freelance. professionals to organizations looking for particular skills. professors professionals employers recruiters 74. If you are .. browsing the Internet, you are looking for information on it. seeking investigating browsing logging on 75. A managing directory is a book which gives a list of names, addresses or other facts. dictionary postal directory guidebook 76.Major players such as Coca-Col a are now seeing their Facebook pages receive more hits than their individual websites. comers guests strikes hits 77. A gourmet is a person who knows a lot about food and cooking, and who enjoys eating high-quality food. bird feeder taster appetite gourmet 78. High-street products are those that are intended for mediocre public and not for rich people. high-street low-street common usual 79. Russian internet company Yota has grown from to release one of the largest firms in the market. basics scratch nothing fundamental 80. Internet shopping is easier, more convenient and offer bigger. nd a lot of the major retailers are having to get to grips with it because consumers are dragging them into the space. sorts goods ranges diversitys 81. As we didnt understand the potential impact of e-purchasing early enough, so we are lag behind our competitors. coming stepping lagging walking 82. Our company will be able to compete in the new global marketplace only if we seize the opportunit ies present. seize Do Make hold Fillblank 1. Search e(ngine/engine) is a computer program which finds information on the Internet by looking for words which you have typed in. To l(itter/litter) means to spread across an area or place untidily. 3. A s(tart-up/start-up/ start up/tart up) is a newly established business. A(utonomy/autonomy) is the ability to act and make decisions without being controlled by anyone else. 4. Bricks and m(ortar/mortar) is the term used to denote a business that operates conventionally rather than over the Internet. 5. M(ail-order/mail-order/ mail order/ail order) is a way of buying goods in which you choose what you want, usually from a catalogue, and it is sent to you. FillBlank Unit 1 1.As an instructor she has s(ense/sense) of humor, she is enthusiastic and sets long-span goals. 2. C(orporate/corporate) i(dentity/identity) is the characteristics of a partnershipwhich is designed to accord with and facilitate the attainment of business objectives. It is usually visibly manifested by way of stigmatization and the use oftrademarks. 3. To encourage effective communication between departments, the Trust was keen to adopt open p(lan/plan) office accommodation. Unit 2 4. The process of expanding b(eyond/beyond) the domestic market can seem very intimidating and daunting for many small businesses. . If you state an amount per c(apita/capita), you mean that amount for each person. 6. An o(utlet/outlet) is shop that owned by a particular company and that sells the goods which the company has produced. 7. One of the big problems for smaller investors is getting a f(oothold/foothold) in the commercial property market. 8. F(oreign/forgeign) e(exchange/xchange) is the system by which the type of money used in one country is exchanged for another countrys money, making international trade easier. Unit 3 9. If you b(reak/break) off a talk with someone, you stop it because you cant find agreement. 0. ILT Services is set to b(uild/build) up a s ales network for Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary. 11. LABG is a student organization whose purpose is to f(oster/foster) the relations between Chicago Booth and Latin American people. Unit 4 12. The customer b(ase/base) is the group ofcustomersorconsumersthat abusinessserves. 13. A w(holly/wholly) owned subsidiary is a company whose stock is merely owned by another company. 14. C(osmetic/cosmetic) s(urgery/surgery) is any medical operation which is intended to improve a persons appearance rather than their health. 15.If you o(utbid/outbid) someone for something, you offer more money than him or her to buy that thing. Unit 5 16. C(omission/commission) is the payment to someone who sells goods which is directly related to the amount of goods sold. 17. C(ommon/common) sense is the basic level of practical knowledge and judgment that we all need to help us live in a reasonable and safe way. 18. If you get a pay r(ise/rise), you have an increase in the fixed amount of m oney you earn for doing your job. 19. Like the rest of the world, Canada will face a labour c(runch/crunch/crisis/risis) in the next 10 years. Unit 6 20. successful modern leaders should be supportive of staff, but should also take d(ecisive/decisive) action to maintain standards of behaviour. 21. A h(azard/hazard) is something that is dangerous and likely to cause damage. 22. Staff t(urnover/turnover) is the rate at which employees leave a company and are replaced by new people. 23. A(bsenteeism/ bsenteeism) is a habitualpatternofabsencefrom adutyorobligation. Traditionally, it has been viewed as an indicator of poor individual performance. 24. Financial services firms are ahead of the curve when it c(omes/comes) to risk management practices.Unit 7 26. A d(irectory/directory) is a book that gives a list of names, addresses or other facts. 27. A p(ioneer/pioneer) is a person who is one of the first people to do something. 28. M(ail/mail) o(rder/order) is way of buying goods in which you choose what you want, usually from acatalogue, and it is sent to you. 29. If someone or something is home-g(rown/grown), they choke to or were developed in your own country. 30. If a product or a service is e(xclusive/exclusive), it is expensive and only for people who are rich or of a high social class. IndicateMistakes Midterm 1.In the Harvard Business develop professor Theodore Lewitts seminal paper The globalization of Market, (written) in 1983, he argued that, as new media and technology shrank the world, peoples tastes would converge, (creating) a single global market that (would be dominated) by the worlds most (success) brands. 2. So when the Berlin Wall (fell) and the barriers (to) world trade (came down), it seemed Prof Lewitt would be proved (rightly). 3. Global brand owners (poured into) the (newly opened markets) and, facing (few competition) in countries (unaccustomed to) consumer culture, they thought they would deprive up.Then some awkward commercial realitie s started to close in. 4. Once local consumers (had tried) these new products, they (found) them (far too expensively) to buy (on regular basis), even if they liked them. 5. And soon, local producers (sprang up) (offer) much better (value for money) with products of only (slightly inferior quality) at a vastly lower price. 6. (Usually), too, these products were (better outfited) to local tastes and cultural preferences than (that) being (foisted onto) consumers by the global corporations. 7.The global brand owners were left (spreading) their advertising and other (fixing costs) over (tiny market shares) and often set about (extra costs), such as tariffs. 8. In (many of) these countries today, global brand owners command the (super-premium end) of he market in any (given product category), while local brands command (rest). 9. The global brand owners could try (to move) into the mass market by (creating) low-price products (design) to suit local tastes, but that would throw them in to head-on competition with local companies possessing better distribution channels and a (far deeper understanding) of the market. 0. Increasingly, therefore, they have resorted to (buying) local brands and the companies (whose) own them. And here, of course, (lies) the paradox. whatever is the point of owning a global brand if it does not (work) in global market? Final exam 1. (On the surface), elastic working might (seem to be) about people (being) able to choose their working hours and, perhaps, cash in ones chips some time (to work) away from the office. 2. however it is also (a fundamental change) in the way (people work)- and, (more importantly), the way (they managed). 3.Flexible working is (a shift) from time-based to result-based (working practices) and could herald the biggest change (for) the (workplace) since the (start) of the industrial revolution. 4. New employee legislation is one of the main (motivation) for employers (to introduce) flexible working practice-bu t not the only one. In Europe, for example, employers are obliged (to offer) parents with young or disabled children the right (to request) flexible working. 5. While legislation is a major catalyst to (introducing) flexible working, there are other reasons.In the US, for example, the fall in the price of (mass market computer) and communications technologies (are) supporting organization (to allow) more home working. 6. Flexible working is also (likely) to (appeal to) a wider skill pool and help with (staff retention). Marry Sue Rogers, human capital management leader at IBM Global Service, says that IBM has embraced flexible working (helping) with recruitment. 7. In Europe, companies have to (provide) flexible working (because of) legislation-but it is also a way (to recruit) from a broader skill pool, (include) women and older people. . (With) an (ageing) workforce we have to find ways to retain older staff. It also gives (greater scope) to male employees who (increasing) want fl exible working to create a better work/life balance. 9. Although new legislation (is forcing) organizations (to adopt) flexible working practices, there are (sound) business reasons to give employees more (flexible). 10. Organizations which have (embraced) flexible working have found that it can (cut costs) and improve productive). More importantly, it enables them (to recruit) staff from much broader skill pool and retain staff.Resit 1. Management (at) large organizations do not embark (on) widespread and risky company restructurings (unless) they believe their businesses are (for) straitened financial circumstances. 2. And the potential long-term damage (with) company branding that can be done if staff and managers clash publicly (over) plans will almost always take a back seat (to) other priorities, such as getting the business back (into) profit. 3. Nevertheless, brands are (a key part) of the intangible assets that (is) playing an (increasingly) important role on company (balan ce sheets). 4.This (means) that it can be a serious issue for any business if its brands emerge as (crooked) in the long term by strikes and other industrial conflicts. If this is the (risky), how can corporations or other (branded organizations) reduce this danger? 5. Langford estimates that about a third of his clients problems (with respect to) this risk (are) caused by the behavior of their (staff) with industrial action and disaffected workers (be) the most common examples. 6. Poor industrial relations do not come about (in isolation). They reflect (on) the business (as whole) and the way (in which) it is being managed. 7.If the management think the brand is (something) (done) by the marketing communications department, (this) makes for very poor brand (strategic). 8. The danger here for service companies (is) that the impression of the brand (given) to the customer is often dictated by the (behave) of staff at the bottom of the (organization hierarchy). 9. Brands (represent) t he (value) of the organizations relationship with (their) customers. Its the one thing (a competitor) cannot copy. 10. Companies are not able (to insure) against (declines) in brand value, but often compound the problem by (not manage) the risk to (their) most valuable asset.Indicate mistakes Midterm (1-3) 1. The communication between companies and customers is (increasing) becoming two-way, with customers service centres (designed) to gather information, not just (complaints), from customers about (all aspects of use) of a companys products. 2. (Some) say that first impressions (count). ( some other) think that someones character can only be judged after a lot of (contact) in business contexts and socially. 3. A new trend for companies (to set up) e-marketplaces on the Internet (that) they work together (on) procurement of materials and parts.Suppliers can make bids (in competition with) each other. 4. When firms work together (on) a particular project, they may (enter) into a str ategic alliance. This may (take the format) of a (joint venture) between two or three companies or a consortium between several organizations. 5. Globalization has (affected) marketing strategies in many ways. In the past, for example, the best way to enter a market tended (be) the main concern. Today, (by contrast), international marketers ask themselves whether it is better to order or to adapt a product (across) different markets. . (Finding) the right international mix has (become) one of the key (question), and answers vary (greatly) from company to company and from product to product. 9. HCPS is a private health care organization (based) in Geneva, Switzerland. It (offers) advice and (treat) to soaked people and company employees (all over the world). 10. The HCPS group was (formed) a year ago, (following) a takeover of HCP by Sanicorp, another health care organization. Since the takeover, the company has become more centralized, with more decisions (is) made by the top mana gement at (head office).Final (1-7) 1 It (estimated) that 90 per cent of (medium) to large companies that could not (resume) near-normal operations within five days of an emergency would (go out of) business. 2 While acts of terrorism receive the most (coverage), its the more traditional (events) such as fires, floods, explosions, power failures or natural disasters (who) have the biggest (impact). 3 To (best) protect cashflow, competitive position and profit, companies need to (access) the potential hazards that can (impact) top revenue sources and make sure (there is) business continuity planning. 4. Getting) to a (win-win situation) clearly requires (a number of) special skills, such as (make) concessions. 5. After 17 years of (lobbying) by Mr Greenberg, AIG was the first foreign (insurer) (being) allowed (in to) China. 6. Over the (past) six years, Samsung (fights) to move its brand image more (upmarket) to compete with (premium) names, such as Sony. 7. Pressure has (mounted) on Samsung to keep its (efforts). The company recently slipped back (into) third place behind Motorola (on) mobile handset sales. 8. It is clear that young people have a (huge impact) (over) their parents and older people (when) it comes to (choose) technology. . (On) the surface, flexible working might seem to be about people (be) able to choose their working hours, and perhaps, spend (some time) working away from office. But it is also a fundamental change in the way people work, and more (importantly) the way they are managed. 10. (Flexible working) is also likely to appeal (with) a wider (skill pool) and help (with) staff retention. Resit (1-7) 1 People are happiest not only when they are (well-thought-of member) of a team (they admire) (but) when the team and the company are respected by (the world outside). Being (part) of a (trusted), honest group is an ingrained component of employee happiness and engagement. So (is) (establish) ties with colleagues you respect. 3 Management at large organizations do not embark (on) widespread and (risk) company (restructurings) unless they believe their businesses are in (straitened) financial circumstances. 4. Brands (are) a key part of the intangible (assess) that are (playing) an increasingly important role (on) company balance sheets. 5. It can be a serious issue (for) any business if its brands (emerge) as tainted (in the long term) by strikes and (another) industrial conflicts. . (Figures) out from 2004 from Ofcom, the communications regulator, (showed) that more than 56 per cent of homes had internet (access), with a third of those (have) a broadband connection. 7. Externally, advertising has been the most visible (form) of communication (with) customers. (Usual) this is designed to increase product sales, but there is also institutional advertising, designed to improve perceptions of company (as a whole). 8. UK companies have failed in the past (prepare) their (staff) in key areas before (sending) them abroad. Whats new is that they are starting to (pay attention to) it. . While 89 per cent of companies formerly assess a candidates job skills prior to a foreign posting, less than half go through the same process for cultural suitability. 10. Several department heads are unhappy because they cant get a quick answer when they want to spend money, even small sums. When they ask their present line manager 1. In 1967, John Kenneth Galbraith argued that the USA (was run) by a handful of big companies (who) planned the economy in the name of stability. These were (hierarchy) and bureaucratic organizations (making) long runs of standardized products. 2.They introduced new and improved (varieties) with predictable regularity they provided their workers (for) lifetime employment and they enjoyed (fairly) good industrial relations with the ( colossus trade unions). 3. That world is now dead. The USs giant corporations have either (disappeared) or (be transformed) by global competition. (Most) have s hifted their production systems from high-volume to high-value, from standardized to customized. And they have (flattened) their management hierarchies. 4. Few people these days expect (to spend) their lives (to move) up the ladder of a single organization.Dramatic changes (are taking place). But where exactly are they (taking up)? Where is the modern company heading? 5. These are three standard answers (to) this question. The first is that a handful of giant companies are engaged (with) a silent takeover of the world. The past couple of decades have (seen) a record number of mergers. The survivors are (far) more powerful than nation states. 6. The second (school of thought) argues (almost the opposite) it (says) that big companies are thing of the past. For a glimpse of the future, look at the Monorail Corporation, (that) sells computers. 7.Monorail (owns no) factories, warehouses or any (others) tangible assets. It operates in an office building in Atlanta. (Freelance workers) are designing the computers while (demand) is still low. 8. The third (school of thought) (says) that companies are being replaced by net works. Groups of entrepreneurs form such a network to market an idea. They then sell it to the highest bidder and (move on to) produce another idea and to create another firm, with the money (is) supplied all the time by venture capitalists. 9. Another way (to look) at the future of the company is (to focus) on the environment that will determine it.That environment is dominated by one thing choice. technology and globalization opens up (ever more) opportunities for individuals and (firm) to collect information and conduct economic activity outside traditional structures. 10. While the age of (mass production) lowered the costs of products (for) the expense of (limiting) choices, modern flexible production systems both (lower) costs and increase choices. 11. Consumers have more choice over where (will they spend) their money. Producers have more cho ice over which suppliers (to use). Shareholders have more choice over where (to put) (their) money. 12.With (all that choice) rough, future (company) will have to be very flexible in order to (quickly adapt) to the changing environments if they (are to survive). 1. The nation was (in shock). David Beckham, Britains most (beautiful) footballer emerged from his house on Monday morning (to allow) the world (photograph) a wound above his left eye. 2. Sir Alex Ferguson, manager of (his then team) Manchester United, had (lost his temper) after a defeat and(kick) a football boot, (which) hit the Beckham eyebrow. 3. In sports, more than in most businesses, the management tactics are (out in the open) for all to see.Not many managers try (to strangle) their subordinates-as Bobby Knight, a former basketball coach at Indiana University, (once do). But the ability (to inspire business concern) has always been an essential tool of management. 4. (Lots of) successful chief executives (rule by t error). (None), it must be said, (reaches) the standard (setting) by John Patterson, who built NCR early in the 20th century. 5. One NCR executive discovered he (had been fired) when he found his desk and chair (in flames) on the company lawn. Modern laws (on) constructive dismissal and employee harassment have put an end (with) such fun. . However, terror in the workplace is (making a comeback) these days. In an economic upswing, fear (goes underground). Workers are (scarcity), and therefore powerful bosses must handle the talents (with) care. 7. When times (turn tough), the balance of power swings. As Hank Paulson, chairman of Goldman Sachs, (put it), in a speech that upset his staff, in almost every one of our businesses, there are 15-20% of the people that really (adds) 80% of the value. (In other words), 80-85% are by and large redundant-and had better shape up fast. 8. Does fear really motivate?In sport, says Scott Snook, who teaches organizational behavior at Harvard Busine ss School, fear can become a barrier to (take) risks, (yet) can provide the essential emotional kick needed to (meet) a challenge. Coaches need to (strike) the right balance in order to develop talent. 9. Yet (use) in boardroom, fear can be disastrous. Tony Couchman, a headhunter at Egon Zehnder in London, (recalls) the board of a large firm with a chief executive who so dominated his directors that they (rarely) questioned or challenged him. Success in such a company depends on (having) a great leader and a steady market, he argues. 0. Jim Collins, author of a book that explains why some firms (succeed in) making the jump from good to great and (other) fail, found that the approach (to) fear was a key distinction among firms that he surveyed. He found that in the (truly) successful firms people were productively neurotic. 11. At Microsoft, for example, employees worry all year (at the prospect) of their annual meetings with Bill Gates, (who) even (being yelled at) would not hurt a s much as (seeming) to be an idiot. 12. The (driving) fear of failure, points out Mr.Collins, is not unique (to) corporate life. Im self-employed, and I live with constant fear, he says. But Im self-afraid. That kind of fear is common among creative artists and also in professional services (where) the person is the product and lots of fragile egos have to (manage). 1. In its 30-year history, Nike had become the (undisputed) leader in sports marketing. But beneath the success (was) an Achilles heel. Nike is named (for) a woman the Greek goodness of victory-but for most of its history, the company had been perceived as (being) in the main about men. . Could Nike do more to realize full potential of womanish customers? And how could it afford (not to), given the threats to its future with Air Jordan (ran) out of air and brands like Sketchers (digging) into the teen market with shoes inspired by skateboarding, not basketball. That was a huge question at Nike HQ. The launch of Nike Goddess was the (makings) of an answer. 3. For (many of) its history, Nikes destiny was controlled by its founders, Phil Knight and his (running buddies), who designed up athletes in locker rooms and made the (executive decisions).But by throwing together a diverse team of people with different backgrounds and different levels of seniority, Nike has found that it can keep (many of) its core attributes while (adding) news sources of inspiration. 4. (Taking) the (combination) of star designer John Hoke and newcomer Mindy Grossman, vice president of global apparel. Hoke designed (the look) and (feel) of the first Nike Goddess store. 5. Then Grossman, whose career has included (helping) (making) Ralph Lauren into a retail icon, pitched the design ideas to Nikes top retailers as stores within stores.Now it (looks) like Nike has a chance (to reach) a crucial objective double its sales to women by the end of the decade. 6. Nike Goddess began (as a concept) for a women-only store, and ther es a reason why. (Many) of the retail settings in which the companys products were found were a turnoff to female customers dark, loud, and harsh- in a word, male. (On sharp contrast), the Nike Goddess stores have the console (feel) of a womans own home. 7. Designing a new approach to retail was only one element in Nikes campaign. (Another) was redesigning the shoes and clothes (themself).Nikes footwear designers worked (on) 18-month production cycles-which made (it) hard to stay in step with the new styles and colours for women. 8. The apparel group, (which) worked around 12-month cycles, was better at (keeping on with) fashion trends. But (that) (meant) that the clothes werent co-ordinated with the shoes-a big turnoff for women. 9. When Jackie Thomas, Nikes US brand marketing director for w