Asthma and the Buteyko Breathing Technique (BBT)

bronchial bronchial bronchial asthma attack and the Buteyko subsisting technique (BBT)IntroductionLung complaint is any pathology that occurs in the lung comp superstarnts and causes the lungs not to power properly and this may bleed to serious problems that may cause death. They ar considered the third killing component part worldwide. Lung diseases accept emphysema , bronchitis, bronchial bronchial asthma, pulmonary failure, pneumonia, tuberculosis and pulmonary embolism. These diseases pass on the following signs and symptoms which are cough , dyspnea, short breaths, noisy breath honest, fever, office pain , and using accessory heft of the bed which let in scalene, focal ratio trapezium and sternocleidmastoid muscles. The common causes of these lung diseases are smoking, infections, and genetics factors (Simon,2000) .Treatment of lung disease includes medications give care corticosteroid, bronchodilators, antibiotics, and strong-arm therapy that lead give l onganimouss circulateing exercises. unmatched of the most common chronic obstructive disease, is bronchial asthma. bronchial asthma is the fifth reason for hospitalized worldwide. Physi early(a)apists utilise to treat bronchial asthma enduring of roles who turn everywhere hyperventilation symptoms using existing exercises cognise as buteyko rail lineing technique (BBT) in additional to bronchial asthma therapy.(Bishop,2007)BackgroundProfessor Konstantin Buteyko was a Russian physiologist (1932-2003) , who gave his name to a discourse for bronchial asthma patients. The whole idea buzz offed in 1960s when he came with the idea that shoal live is going to help patients who go from hyperventilation like bronchial asthma and stenocardia. He suggested that hyperventilation lead to decrease the come up of counterbalance that is going to alveoli and low- aim of CO2 lead to bronchoconstriction which summation hyperventilation. (Bishop,2007)Literature retreadRobert L. and former(a) on 2007 tried to evaluate the efficiency of a non -pharmacological handling Buteyko cellular respiration Technique (BBT) in patients with asthma with their corticosteroid medication consumption. The bod of the study was a randomized get wind trail of buteyko technique involving 182 playing field change integrity into meeting of adult with asthma their age ranged from 18-50 years old. bandage the control group was trained by physiotherapy for relaxation ventilation system technique. The principal(prenominal) results amount of moneys by level of asthma control, defined by mingled score based on Canadian asthma consensus reported 6 months by and by completion of intervention. The consequences show that both groups had related enhancement and a high amount with asthma control six months after consummation of the intervention. In the Buteyko group the degree with asthma control increased from 40% to 79% percent and in the control group from 44% to 72%. The main finding that six month after completion of the intervention, a large majority of subject in separately group shown control of their asthma with the additional benefits of slightening in inhaled corticosteroid use in buteyko group.(Robert, 2007)McHugh on 2003 made a study to evaluate the impact of buteyko respire technique (BBT) on medication consumption in asthma patients. The mode used is a blinded randomized control trail canvass BBT with medication control . It was directed over 38 people with asthma aged between 18-70 years. Members were followed for six months. Medication use and tempts of ventilator function were recorded. The results exhibited that BBT group shown a lessening in inhaled steroid use of 50% only and beta-agonist use 85% after six month from intervention. In the control group there was no significant outcomes. The main conclusion that BBT is a safe and effective for asthma controlling for it is sign and symptoms. BBT has clinical and potential pharm- economics benefits that must have advance studies.(McHugh, 2003)Cooper and his colleges in 2003 correct a study to compare the effect of two breathing exercises which they are buteyko and pranayma which is a yoga breathing method for bronchial asthma patients. This study convey 90 grown-ups who complain of asthma and control it by using medications. They were divide into three groups First group follow buteyko breathing technique ,the molybdenum group use a pranayma which is a yoga technique and the last group were the placebo group. Result measure used are symptoms score level , bronchial hyper reaction, medication used, oblige expiratory volume in advance and after buteyko technique. The results showed that ( p=0.003) were the mean for buteyko group and bronchodilator uses have been lessened by two puffs/day after 6 month of practicing buteyko technique excellent-arm there was no change in the mean in the other two groups. in that location wasnt difference in the forced e xpiratory volume or regular(a) volume to reduce inhaled corticosteroids. The main conclusion that BBT can recover symptoms and lessen bronchodilator use but doesnt seem to change bronchial responsiveness or lung function in patients with asthma.(Cooper, 2003)Anatomy of Respiratory SystemWhen we breathe place it go by dint of nuzzle to the lower respiratory tract. The advantage of odourise breathing is that when post passes through the nose it go away be moisturizer, het up and cleaned from any dust. later on that air moves to larynx to go into trachea. Trachea is a sensitive structure because if any cold or dry air go into it , this will cause coughing and wheezing as expression interaction to these irritation .After that air moves from the trachea to the lung through the bronchi which are entered in each lung (Figure 1). The lungs are the most important part of human respiratory system. The right lung is divided into three lobes m while the left lung is divided into two l obes. Both lungs are protected by the chest wall. In the lung small air sacs known as alveoli . Then the gases exchanged from the alveoli to the production line stream through small blood vessels known as capillaries. On the other hand , the organic structure waste CO2 returns to the capillaries to be exhaled during breathing. powerful bronchial tubes make rapid gases exchange to maintain unchanged level of O2 and CO2 in the blood stream. The outer surface of bronchi is surrounded with flavourless muscles that contract , relax in smooth rapid way in each breath. This process will maintain the required amount of air that is needed to go into lung tissues for normal gases exchange. This process of contraction and relaxation of muscles in controlled by sympathetic and parasympathetic of nerves system.(Gerard J,2005)What is Bronchial asthma angiotensin converting enzyme of the most common chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) is bronchial asthma. Bronchial asthma is a chroni c inflammation of lung airways that leads to swelling and tapering of them. The results of this differentiateing is difficulty in breathing. The narrowing of airways may be total or partial and can be reversed with treatments. Bronchial asthma is one of the most common diseases , it affect one in every 15 adults in United states of America. It is known to cause physiologically reversible or total obstruction or narrowing to air . Pathologically this will increase thickening of airways because of inflammation and bronchoconstriction. also narrowing of airways maybe collectible to swelling which is caused by immune response to allergic materials. (Gerard J,2005)Causes of Bronchial AsthmaThe main cause of bronchial asthma is inflammation of lung airways that is increased by the increase of irritable stimulations such as dust, vapor, humid weather, cold air, flowerpot , air pollutions, and fumes.(Gerard J, 2005)Sign and Symptoms of Bronchial AsthmaBronchial asthma have major sign and symptoms that are diverse depending on the severity of the disease. These signs and symptoms include wheezing that is defined as a whistling , hissing sound when exhaling air. Prolonged Coughing, that is usually at night not as unplayful as at early morning, and may occur after recitation or when unprotected once mo loosening cold or dry air. Fast breathing is another symptom of bronchial asthma because fewer air reaches the lungs which is the reasons profligate breathing to make up the insufficiency. Another symptoms is the usage of accessory muscle of neck and upper shoulder. Palpitation is another symptoms which is caused by as an asthma attack become worse the airways forceful air through the narrow airways become harder. Muscles of your trunk start to help. This is seen in motion (Figure 3) of the esophagus (2), and sucking in of the abdominal just under the breast bone (5) and among the ribs (4) with each breath leading to spirit palpitation. As a response to less air passing through inflamed airways that will cause dead body to do more strength to move air and due to that heart starts to contract faster (3).( Gerard , 2005)Prevention of Bronchial AsthmaBronchial asthma can be prevented by following these strategiesAlways check with health check physician for treatment plan to mange signs and symptoms for bronchial asthma .Know the sparkle of asthma to be avoided such as pollen air and cold air .Always monitor their breathing attribute so that they can fill out early symptoms of asthma attack that include coughing, wheezing or abruptness of breath.Quickly treat of bronchial asthma attack with immediate fetching of medications prescribed and stopping the activity that may be the cause to spark off the attack. (Sue ,2002)Treatment of Bronchial AsthmaBronchial asthma can be treated by different types of medications like corticosteroids, bronchodilators, antibiotics, and by physical therapy. One of the important technique that help patients to control signs and symptoms of bronchial asthma is the Buteyko cellular respiration Technique (BBT) .( Sue , 2002)What is Buteyko Breathing TechniqueButeyko technique is a breathing regulator technique to reduce minute ventilation besides repress hyperventilation to treat bronchial asthma as an alternative approach ,besides to the drugs used. Buteyko technique needs that breathing originates from diaphragm not let the cat out of the bag. The main purpose while practicing buteyko breathing style is to breath in a very controlled and shallow manner without holding in the air like your last breath, it should be a gentle rhythm of breathing in and out.(Bruton,2003)Preparation For Buteyko Breathing TechniqueBefore starting the Buteyko Breathing technique session the physiotherapist should first reachs patient pulse per minute and ability to exhale through Forced Expiratory Spiro-meter and measure the blood pressure and check if the patient have any health problems that may be contra indicated to buteyko breathing technique. Also it is important to take full medical history of management of patient bronchial asthma that usually includes hospital admission , consultant referrals and type of medication taken and their dosage. Also check if patient take other medication for other medical conditions. Physiotherapist should also check main signs and symptoms that affecting the patients daily work as if climbing stairs that increase shortness of breath to the patient. After that physiotherapist should inform bronchial asthma patient that buteyko session can be practiced three to quin time a day . Before starting buteyko breathing technique session the physiotherapist should educate patient that this technique focus on breathing from the nose, so that nose clearness exercises should be given before starting session (Figure 5). The nose clearance exercises include pinching the nose gently and then move head forward and backward. Usually starting view will be sitting on chair without armrest after that be on to lying supine and finally to make patient adapt to this technique to be practiced in all active daily victuals of patients life, like climbing stairs. (kellet,2005)Steps of Buteyko Breathing TechniqueThe Procedure of Buteyko Breathing Techniques is characterized by the following stepsStep 1 Close your mouth and breathe from the nose to get all the advantages mention before of nose breathing. (Figure 6).This step may be hard to be followed in the beginning but with practice it became easier with training.Step 2 Use diaphragm to during breathing in and out , when patients practice breathing using diaphragm they should take in consideration to eliminate using of accessory muscle of neck and upper chest . (Figure 7).Step 3 Measure control leave off for bronchial asthma patient , which is the time that patient able to handgrip the nose and avoid air entry until the first feel of needing to re-breath again in the same way and pattern . ( F igure8) can be measure using stop watch.Step 4 Sit in an near position and reduce breath for around 2 3 minutes, after that bronchial asthma patient will take short rest for 20-30 second and followed by another reduce breathing period for 3 minute followed by short rest again.Step 5 After the last short rest ,the physiotherapists check the final control relegate again to check progress in amount of time patient able to hold breath. Usually in first session patient will able to increase time of control pause 2-3 seconds.(Oliver, 2009) physiological Effects of Buteyko Breathing TechniqueDuring an asthma attack people start to timidity and breath faster more than body demands. They actually over breathe because they are breathing so rapidly that causes the amount of snow dioxide in the blood to fall too low. The body responds to that by do the airways of the lungs to become tighter which leads to decrease inhaled air in each breathe which is shown when bronchial asthma patients t rying to breathe harder. This technique will help to come out this negative feedback cycle by educating bronchial asthma patients to breath in a shallow way and this will lead to decrease the amount of air that reach lung during breathing. Another benefit is increasing tolerance of body for higher levels of carbon dioxide in your blood.(Oliver,2009)Who will benefit from Buteyko Breathing TechniqueButeyko breathing technique is suitable for bronchial asthma patients and some other conditions that lead to hyperventilation such as hay fever , which is allergic and inflammation due to dust , rhinitis which is also known as unventilated nose that happen due to inflammation of inner nose parts. Buteyko breathing technique can be included also for nose congestion, panic attack, resent heart, persistent cough, bronchitis, snoring and last for COPD patients .(Oliver,2009)Contraindications for Buteyko Breathing TechniquePatients with these conditions will not be able to practice BBT even if they have bronchial asthma or any other condition that lead to hyperventilation . These conditions include kidney failure specially if patient on dialysis, up-to-date organ transplant, precedent brain hemorrhage, recent heart attack or stroke, cardiac teething ring device, active stomach ulcer, pregnancy, schizophrenia, uncontrolled high blood pressure, any current cancer treatment, sickle- cell anemia and sever emphysema with heart failure. (Oliver,2009)ConclusionsAsthma is a common lung disease around the world and usually patients suffer from a lot of sign and symptoms like attacks of shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing that may affect their quality of life so that it need pharmacological agents to control it beside non-pharmacological techniques of pulmonary rehab such as buteyko technique. Buteyko breathing technique is a complementary method that proven it is effectiveness to control breathing in hyperventilation cases such as asthma and improve their qualit y of life, level of exercises, and forced respiratory volume. There are five core components of the buteyko breathing technique that they are the nose breathin , relax upper muscles, use diaphragm breathing, small gentle breaths and maintain good posture. The buteyko exercises can be done 3-5 times a day and it need committed for these exercises and make lifestyle changes, to be able to use fewer medication.