Biology Adaptation

Adaptation Definition: Adaptation is the process of how organisms develop special structures and internal processes to enable them to live in their environment. Definition: Adaptation is the process of how organisms develop special structures and internal processes to enable them to live in their environment. Organisms can be adapted in two ways: 1. Body structure (e. g. Small ears to reduce heat loss) 2. Body processes (e. g. Osmoregulation in salmon)General Biology Ii Study Guide (Online Class)There are several factors which cause adaptation to occur: Physical Factors * * * Other organisms * * * Adaptations Match the following animals to the adaptations below, and suggest why they are useful. Think about the habitat each animal lives in! * Polar Bear * Camel * Great White Shark Adaptation| Animal| How is this useful? | Thick Fur| Â  | Â  | Stream Lined Body| Â  | Â  | Fat stored in a hump| Â  | Â  | Ability to close nostrils| Â  | Â  | Fins| Â  | Â  | Ability to smell blo od| Â  | Â  | Small ears| Â  | Â  |White Fur| Â  | Â  | Gills| Â  | Â  | Large Claws| Â  | Â  | Sandy coloured hair| Â  | Â  | Long eye lashes| Â  | Â  | Large Feet| Â  | Â  | Sharp teeth| Â  | Â  | Layer of blubber| Â  | Â  | Adaptations in Plants Plants also have adaptations that help them survive better in their environment. Marram grass is a good example of a plant which is adapted to live in very dry conditions, for example on sand dune systems. The leaves of the marram grass are adapted to survive with the limited water available in the desert. Read also Lab 2 BiologyIn very dry conditions, the leaves of the marram grass roll up to form long tubes. This helps drain any water down towards the roots of the plant. Match the adaptations of the marram grass leaves with their function Waxy CuticleReduce water loss through transpiration Stomata sunk in pitsTrap a layer of moist air close to the leaf surface Leaf HairsProtects the stomata from the wind, reducing water loss through evaporation Rolled LeafReduces water loss through evaporation

The Vampire Diaries: Dark Reunion Chapter Eight

From where Bonnie and Meredith sat in the car, they could just see Vickie's window. It would have been better to be closer, but then someone might have discovered them. Meredith poured the last of the coffee out of the thermos and drank it. Then she yawned. She caught herself guiltily and looked at Bonnie. â€Å"You having trouble sleeping at night too?† â€Å"Yes. I can't imagine why,† Meredith said. â€Å"Do you think the guys are having a little talk?† Meredith glanced at her quickly, obviously surprised, then smiled. Bonnie realized Meredith hadn't expected her to catch on. â€Å"I hope so,† Meredith said. â€Å"It might do Matt some good.† Bonnie nodded and relaxed back into the seat. Meredith's car had never seemed so comfortable before. When she looked at Meredith again, the dark-haired girl was asleep. Oh, great. Terrific. Bonnie stared into the dregs of her coffee mug, making a face. She didn't dare relax again; if they both fell asleep, it could be disastrous. She dug her nails into her palms and stared at Vickie's lighted window. When she found the image blurring and doubling on her, she knew something had to be done. Fresh air. That would help. Without bothering to be too quiet about it, she unlocked the door and pulled the handle up. The door clicked open, but Meredith went on breathing deeply. She must really be tired, Bonnie thought, getting out. She shut the door more gently, locking Meredith inside. It was only then that she realized she herself didn't have a key. Oh, well, she'd wake Meredith to let her back in. Meanwhile she'd go check on Vickie. Vickie was probably still awake. The sky was brooding and overcast, but the night was warm. Behind Vickie's house the black walnut trees stirred very faintly. Crickets sang, but their monotonous chirping only seemed like part of a larger silence. The scent of honeysuckle filled Bonnie's nostrils. She tapped on Vickie's window lightly with her fingernails, peering through the crack in the curtains. No answer. On the bed she could make out a lump of blankets with unkempt brown hair sticking out the top. Vickie was asleep too. As Bonnie stood there, the silence seemed to thicken around her. The crickets weren't singing anymore, and the trees were still. And yet it was as if she was straining to hear something she knew was there. None of her ordinary senses told her this. But her sixth sense, the one that sent chills up her arms and ice down her spine, the one that was newly awakened to the presence of Power, was certain. There was†¦ something†¦ near. Something†¦ watching her. She turned slowly, afraid to make a sound. If she didn't make any noise, maybe whatever it was wouldn't get her. Maybe it wouldn't notice her. The silence had become deadly, menacing. It hummed in her ears with the beat of her own blood. And she couldn't help imagining what might come screaming out of it at any minute. Something with hot, moist hands, she thought, staring into the darkness of the backyard. Black on gray, black on black was all she could see. Every shape might be anything, and all the shadows seemed to be moving. Something with hot, sweaty hands and arms strong enough to crush her- The snap of a twig exploded through her like gunfire. She spun toward it, eyes and ears straining. But there was only darkness and silence. Fingers touched the back of her neck. Bonnie whirled again, almost falling, almost fainting. She was too frightened to scream. When she saw who it was, shock robbed all her senses and her muscles collapsed. She would have ended up in a heap on the ground if he hadn't caught her and held her straight. â€Å"You look frightened,† Damon said softly. Bonnie shook her head. She didn't have any voice yet. She thought she still might faint. But she tried to pull away just the same. He didn't tighten his grip, but he didn't let go. And struggling did about as much good as trying to break a brick wall with bare hands. She gave up and tried to calm her breathing. â€Å"Are you frightened of me?† Damon said. He smiled reprovingly, as if they shared a secret. â€Å"You don't need to be.† How had Elena managed to deal with this? But Elena hadn't, of course, Bonnie realized. Elena had succumbed to Damon in the end. Damon had won and had his way. He released one of her arms to trace, very lightly, the curve of her upper lip. â€Å"I suppose I should go away,† he said, â€Å"and not scare you anymore. Is that what you want?† Like a rabbit with a snake, Bonnie thought. This is how the rabbit feels. Only I don't suppose he'll kill me. I might just die on my own, though. She felt as if her legs might melt away at any minute, as if she might collapse. There was a warmth and a trembling inside her. Elena wouldn't like it, she thought, just as his lips touched hers. Yes, that was it. But the problem was, she didn't have the strength to say it. The warmth was growing, rushing out to all parts of her, from her fingertips to the soles of her feet. His lips were cool, like silk, but everything else was so warm. She didn't need to be afraid; she could just let go and float on this. Sweetness rushed through her†¦ â€Å"What the hell is going on?† The voice broke the silence, broke the spell. Bonnie started and found herself able to turn her head. Matt was standing at the edge of the yard, his fists clenched, his eyes like chips of blue ice. Ice so cold it burned. â€Å"Get away from her,† Matt said. To Bonnie's surprise, the grip on her arms eased. She stepped back, straightening her blouse, a little breathless. Her mind was working again. â€Å"It's okay,† she said to Matt, her voice almost normal. â€Å"I was just-â€Å" â€Å"Go back to the car and stay there.† Now wait a minute, thought Bonnie. She was glad Matt had come; the interruption had been very conveniently timed. But he was coming on a little heavy with the protective older brother bit. â€Å"Look, Matt-â€Å" â€Å"Go on,† he said, still staring at Damon. Meredith wouldn't have let herself be ordered around this way. And Elena certainly wouldn't. Bonnie opened her mouth to tell Matt to go sit in the car himself when she suddenly realized something. This was the first time in months she'd seen Matt really care about anything. The light was back in those blue eyes-that cold flash of righteous anger that used to make even Tyler Smallwood back down. Matt was alive right now, and full of energy. He was himself again. Bonnie bit her lip. For a moment she struggled with her pride. Then she conquered it and lowered her eyes. â€Å"Thanks for rescuing me,† she murmured, and left the yard. Matt was so angry he didn't dare move closer to Damon for fear he might take a swing at him. And the chilling darkness in Damon's eyes told him that wouldn't be a very good idea. But Damon's voice was smooth, almost dispassionate. â€Å"My taste for blood isn't just a whim, you know. It's a necessity you're interfering with here. I'm only doing what I have to.† Contemptuously he said, â€Å"Why don't you pick on somebody your own size, then?† Damon smiled and the air went colder. â€Å"Like you?† Matt just stared at him. He could feel muscles clench in his jaw. After a moment he said tightly, â€Å"You can try.† â€Å"I can do more than try, Matt.† Damon took a single step toward him like a stalking panther. Involuntarily, Matt thought of jungle cats, of their powerful spring and their sharp, tearing teeth. He thought of what Tyler had looked like in the Quonset hut last year when Stefan was through with him. Red meat. Just red meat and blood. â€Å"What was that history teacher's name?† Damon was saying silkily. He seemed amused now, enjoying this. â€Å"Mr. Tanner, wasn't it? I did more than try with him.† â€Å"You're a murderer.† Damon nodded, unoffended, as if he'd just been introduced. â€Å"Of course, he stuck a knife in me. I wasn't planning to drain him quite dry, but he annoyed me and I changed my mind. You're annoying me now, Matt.† Matt had his knees locked to keep from running. It was more than the catlike stalking grace, it was more than those unearthly black eyes fastened on his. There was something inside Damon that whispered terror to the human brain. Some menace that spoke directly to Matt's blood, telling him to do anything to get away. But he wouldn't run. His conversation with Stefan was blurred in his mind right now, but he knew one thing from it. Even if he died here, he wouldn't run. â€Å"Don't be stupid,† Damon said, as if he'd heard every word of Matt's thoughts. â€Å"You've never had blood taken from you by force, have you? It hurts, Matt. It hurts a lot.† Elena, Matt remembered. That first time when she'd taken his blood he'd been scared, and the fear had been bad enough. But he'd been doing it of his own volition then. What would it be like when he was unwilling? I will not run. I will not look away. Aloud he said, still looking straight at Damon, â€Å"If you're going to kill me, you'd better stop talking and do it. Because maybe you can make me die, but that's all you can make me do.† â€Å"You're even stupider than my brother,† Damon said. With two steps he crossed the distance to Matt. He grabbed Matt by his T-shirt, one hand on either side of the throat. â€Å"I guess I'll have to teach you the same way.† Everything was frozen. Matt could smell his own fear, but he wouldn't move. He couldn't move now. Damon's teeth were a white glitter in the dark. Sharp as carving knives. Matt could almost feel the razor bite of them before they touched him. I will not surrender anything, he thought, and closed his eyes. The shove took him completely off balance. He stumbled and fell backward, his eyes flying open. Damon had let go and pushed him away. Expressionless, those black eyes looked down at him where he sat in the dirt. â€Å"I'll try to put this in a way you can understand,† Damon said. â€Å"You don't want to mess with me, Matt. I am more dangerous than you can possibly imagine. Now get out of here. It's my watch.† Silently, Matt got up. He rubbed at his shirt where Damon's hands had crumpled it. And then he left, but he didn't run and he didn't flinch from Damon's eyes. I won, he thought. I'm still alive, so I won. And there had been a kind of grim respect in those black eyes in the end. It made Matt wonder about some things. It really did. Bonnie and Meredith were sitting in the car when he got back. They both looked concerned. â€Å"You were gone a long time,† Bonnie said. â€Å"Are you okay?† Matt wished people would stop asking him that. â€Å"I'm fine,† he said, and then added, â€Å"Really.† After a moment's thought he decided there was something else he should say. â€Å"Sorry if I yelled at you back there, Bonnie.† â€Å"That's all right,† Bonnie said coolly. Then, thawing, she said, â€Å"You really do look better, you know. More like your old self.† â€Å"Yeah?† He rubbed at his crumpled T-shirt again, looking around. â€Å"Well, tangling with vampires is obviously a great warm-up exercise.† â€Å"What'd you guys do? Lower your heads and run at each other from opposite sides of the yard?† asked Meredith. â€Å"Something like that. He says he's going to watch Vickie now.† â€Å"Do you think we can trust him?† Meredith said soberly. Matt considered. â€Å"As a matter of fact, I do. It's weird, but I don't think he's going to hurt her. And if the killer comes along, I think he's in for a surprise. Damon's spoiling for a fight. We might as well go back to the library for Stefan.† Stefan wasn't visible outside the library, but when the car had cruised up and down the street once or twice he materialized out of the darkness. He had a thick book with him. â€Å"Breaking and entering and grand theft, library book,† Meredith remarked. â€Å"I wonder what you get for that these days?† â€Å"You mean you found it? You figured it out? Then you can tell us everything, like you promised,† Bonnie said. â€Å"Let's go to the boarding house.† Stefan looked slightly surprised when he heard that Damon had turned up and stationed himself at Vickie's, but he made no comment. Matt didn't tell him exactly how Damon had turned up, and he noticed Bonnie didn't either. â€Å"I'm almost positive about what's going on in Fell's Church. And I've got half the puzzle solved, anyway,† Stefan said once they were all settled in his room in the boarding house attic. â€Å"But there's only one way to prove it, and only one way to solve the other half. I need help, but it isn't something I'm going to ask lightly.† He was looking at Bonnie and Meredith as he said it. They looked at each other, then back at him. â€Å"This guy killed one of our friends,† said Meredith. â€Å"And he's driving another one crazy. If you need our help, you've got it.† â€Å"Whatever it takes,† Bonnie added. â€Å"It's something dangerous, isn't it?† Matt demanded. He couldn't restrain himself. As if Bonnie hadn't been through enough†¦ â€Å"It's dangerous, yes. But it's their fight too, you know.† â€Å"Darn right it is,† said Bonnie. Meredith was obviously trying to repress a smile. Finally she had to turn away and grin. â€Å"Matt's back,† she said when Stefan asked her what the joke was. â€Å"We missed you,† added Bonnie. Matt couldn't understand why they were all smiling at him, and it made him feel hot and uncomfortable. He went over to stand by the window. â€Å"It is dangerous; I won't try to kid you about that,† Stefan said to the girls. â€Å"But it's the only chance. The whole thing's a little complicated, and I'd better start at the beginning. We have to go back to the founding of Fell's Church†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He talked on late into the night. Thursday, June 11, 7:00 a.m. Dear Diary, I couldn't write last night, because I got in too late. Mom was upset again. She'd have been hysterical if she'd known what I was actually doing. Hanging out with vampires and planning something that may get me killed. That may get us all killed. Stefan has a plan to trap the guy who murdered Sue. It reminds me of some of Elena's plans-and that's what worries me. They always sounded wonderful, but lots of the time they went wrong. Anyway, we're going to do it after graduation. We're all in on it except Damon, who'll be watching Vickie. It's strange, but we all trust him now. Even me. Despite what he did to me last night, I don't think he'll let Vickie get hurt. I haven't had any more dreams about Elena. I think if I do, I will go absolutely screaming berserk. Or never go to sleep again. I just can't take any more of that. All right. I'd better go. Hopefully, by Sunday we'll have the mystery solved and die killer caught. I trust Stefan. I just hope I can remember my part.

High Commitment Work Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

High Commitment Work Practices - Essay Example These practices were mainly intended to improve the efficiency of the jobs based on the theories of the impact of employee participation in job satisfaction and job performance and the organizational performance. Many research studies show that though these types of arrangements seemed to be attractive for some workers, they have many social costs like uncertainty about job prospects and the risks of non-availability of jobs (Doodley and Prause, 1994).However, the debate remains unsettled. In this context, this essay analyzes the evidence linking highly motivated work practices and organizational performance. Based on the analysis, it explains the reasons for UK firms continuing to use a traditional management style coupled with job designs based in the principles of scientific management. Based on the traditional principles of scientific management, the main building blocks of organizations were considered as man and jobs linked together and supervised by a manager .Here, man was simply considered as an extension of machine (Davis, 1970). This school based on the top down approach to strategic management helped to distinguish between functions, skills, roles and management and evaluates its importance. This school focused on the jobs itself and did not give much attention to the role of workers (Asan and Soyer, 2009). This school helped to distinguish between functions, skills, roles and management and evaluates its importance. The main criticism against this approach is that it is appropriate only for stable environments and may not be suited for fast changing competitive environments (Asan and Soyer, 2009).

MANAGING DIVERSITY( analysis of a newspaper article ) Essay

MANAGING DIVERSITY( analysis of a newspaper article ) - Essay Example re words shared by the Richard, an Establishment Services Manager at BA: â€Å"Working and traveling with BA as a disabled traveler (paraplegic in a wheelchair) I get to see at first hand the service offered to additional needs customer and staff, good and bad. In most instances the service levels are of high standard but if things have not been right on the day, feedback had been acted upon. I would urge all disabled travelers to tell us about their travel experience in order that we can offer the highest level of service† (British Airways’ diversity strategy, online). The company also espouses a strong culture of respect, for which it has deployed an employee questionnaire. Through responses to the survey, it has crafted the following objectives towards building a culture of equality: Still towards this thrust, BA has joined Stonewall champions scheme last year (2005). It is a venue that advocates diversity within work settings. The emphasis placed on the management of harassment and bullying is captured by BA Chief Executive Rod Eddington, as follows: â€Å"Dignity and respect for other people are basic values we must all adopt.   We should all be aware of the impact of our behaviour on others and be tolerant of people who have different values, religions and beliefs to our own.   This applies to our peers, colleagues and customers.†   On age, the company has already proposed flexible retirement and is watching out for the new government regulations on the matter (British Airways’ diversity strategy, online). Thus, the article on BA which presents that it discriminates against a religious practice – the wearing of a cross of a Catholic – seems contradictory to all of these publicity regarding diversity. This shall surely have an impact on their image as a fair employer and they must thoroughly ensure that they exercise fair practice and do not ostracize employees on the basis of race, color, gender, national origin, or religion. At first glance, the

Ethical Behavior of Employee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Ethical Behavior of Employee - Essay Example Menzel’s compliance model suggests that the employee’s conduct is regulated to spur obedience to minimum standards and legal prohibitions; what the law says, what the rules mean, and what one needs to do (Ethical Moments in Government page number). Employees must abide by the applicable rules and practices to stay out of trouble. If they break the rules, they will be subject to punishment. Punishment would be harsh to those who break the rules with willful intention and less harsh if the rules are broken due to ignorance (Menzel, â€Å"PM Plus†). In sharp contrast, Menzel’s integrity-based model is value driven, not rules driven. It combines the awareness of public service ethos, ethical standards, and legal prohibitions, as well as the process of moral reasoning to inspire exemplary actions and ethical conduct (Menzel, Ethical Moments in Government page number). Values may differ depending on the mission, leadership, incentives, awareness, education, and training, aspirations, and culture (Menzel, â€Å"PM Plus†). The employee must choose what is right and what is wrong depending on these considerations. Let us take the city manager’s ethical dilemma here. From a strict compliance point of view, the city manager has no deal with the neighboring community. A verbal agreement is not enforceable under law or under contract in such a situation. As there is no compliance-based ethical issue here, he could go back on his word with the neighboring community and accept the higher offer from his own community without violating professional ethics.

Cloning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cloning - Essay Example Natural cloning has been going on for billions of years. Natural cloning occurs when an organism reproduces asexually or when two genetically identical twins are produced by a splitting of a fertilized egg. For example, when one takes a stem from a yam plant and plant it in the ground, a new plant would grow as it takes root. The new plant can be considered a clone in the sense that it is identical to its parent. Similar cloning takes place in grass, potatoes and onions. This is a technique for propagating plants asexually. Humans have been using this vegetative technique in agriculture for thousands of years. The process has been helpful in environments where flowering and seedling establishment are infrequent. Another example of natural animal cloning is identical twins. Even though they are genetically different to their parents, they are naturally occurring clones of each other. Artificial cloning of animals is now normal in laboratories. The most famous example of animal cloning is Dolly the Sheep, born in the UK in 1997 using a technique called cell transferring. Â   It could be very useful and practical for us to be able to clone animals because they could provide extra food and could help find cures for diseases and further the research of medicines and vaccines. There are many reasons as to why cloning is important today, and in the years to come. First of all, food shortage is increasingly becoming a major global dilemma. This is due to the high demand on food as the global population increases dramatically (the population is thought to rise from 6.5 billion to 9 billion in the next 10 years) this indicates that food is going to be a very important aspect in preventing world hunger. Presently, almost 1 billion people eat less than three times every day and approximately 400,000 die daily due to starvation. There are other factors such as extinction of species that have to be taken into account as well, but

Group Development Application Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Group Development Application Paper - Assignment Example ompelled to develop and sustain as well as improve their management and decision making abilities to guide them and to guide those subordinate to them in order that a successful culture in established in the institution (Barron and Greenberg (1990, pg. 497) Moreover, decision making processes in such learning places often are designed through delegation to various groups of individuals and /or students known as ‘task groups’. Some may be external such as the ‘Board of Governors’ while some are internal such as ‘the student leadership committees’. Organizational leaders need to enact well structured establishments that are aggressive to ensure that their committees and task groups work together or independently as long as the efficiency and production of the intended results are well reflected as best results. This important step in emphasized by the problems and challenges existing in the use of group and committee models in decision-making processes. This need is significantly shown in Dean Tjosvold’s book; â€Å"Working Together to Get Things Done.† Tjosvold (1986) says; â€Å"Forming teams to make complex decisions does not automatically result in effective problem solving. Indeed, sometimes people working together reinforce their biases and The Decision Making and Planning Process 10 enhance their limitations. They may develop groupthink conformity that results in fiasco that severely damages the company. Alternatively, individuals use the group to push for their own self-interest at the expense of the com pany’s welfare (p.96). A study by Day et. al. finds that head teachers’ or any leaders’ values are key components in their success. â€Å"Successful heads improve pupil outcomes through who they are - their values, virtues, dispositions, attributes and competences – as well as what they do in terms of the strategies they select and the ways in which they adapt their leadership practices to their unique context.† In illustration, design in

Bulling in Schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Bulling in Schools - Essay Example This essay approves that the first solution offers the scope that since bullying usually happens in the school premises, teachers will be able to identify any such activity quickly and will be able to educate their students about it. However, teachers cannot be present everywhere all the time and they will not be able to do much about the bullying that happens outside of school premises. The second solution will be of help outside of school premises and since children fear their parents more, they would probably listen to them. However, this does not guarantee that the students will abide by what their parents tell them even in the school premises. The third method is a more direct approach and hence perhaps the best. Educating students directly will help in curbing the activity both within the school premises and outside of it. Though explaining things to students is always a difficult job, however, once the students decide to listen, this method will be the most effective. This report makes a conclusion that the project regarding the problem of bullying in schools was not just an interesting project for me but it also helped me understand the various factors that are associate with bullying. Bullying is a growing nuance in schools and the best solution that can help curb the nuance is to educate people involved in the cycle, the students, parents and teachers. Educating the three will help in complete elimination of the problem. This project helped in developing my knowledge about the problem of bullying and the research helped in increasing my understanding about the various factors associated with the problem. Bullying is certainly a major problem and stern measures need to be taken to curb this nuance.

The Opportunities and Challenges of Transforming Government Entities Literature review

The Opportunities and Challenges of Transforming Government Entities into Smart Organizations - Literature review Example The factor of sustainability is an essential component in these transformations to smart organizations as more focus is on the environment, social, financial and political sustainability. However, while undertaking an initiative to transform government entities into smart organizations there are diverse challenges which are observed that restricts the path to attain specific goals or to sustain service. These challenges are linked with various fields and are often the primary cause behind the failure of smart government initiatives. In this particular study, not only will the opportunities be highlighted which is associated with such transformation but it will even encompass the probable challenges that can be regarded as an area of concern for such government entities. Smart government initiative can be considered to be an agenda which is echoed by everybody in the present scenario due to various reasons. It is an initiative that is undertaken so as to apply information technology, communication and operation across a wide range of jurisdictions, processes, and domains, with only one purpose, that is to generate sustainable public value (Hevner & Chatterjee, 2010, pp. 27). The two factors which are common in any smart government initiative are flexibility and effectiveness. The success of any such initiative is major because of its alignment with mission, the effectiveness of service and operational efficiency which provides required flexibility in any particular situation. This study will outline the various approaches related to the smart government which is taking place in different countries along with Dubai. In the end, a conceptual model will be incorporated to determine the failure and success factors related to smart government. Further analysis conducted in this study will be based on the adopted conceptual framework.  

Historiographic review of the great terror in Russia (1936- 1938) Assignment

Historiographic review of the great terror in Russia (1936- 1938) - Assignment Example This information was proved by the number of documents and annals as well. There are many notes that were made by Stalin personally. These documents testify that he ordered to kill more and more people. He marked the sentences with the red pencil (Kuromiya, 2007). Some names were marked by the additional notes, such as â€Å"kill more†. At the bottom of the pages there was a comment â€Å"Everyone should be shot†. The number of shot â€Å"enemies† was more than 3000 per day. It was proved that during the previously mentioned period 681692 people were sentenced to death, because of the political motives (Getty, 1993). However, according to other sources, the number of victims was much higher. Counting the victims, we should also take into account those who died in prisons, correctional labor colonies and gulags and also those who were just shot due to the criminal offences. So, the number of the victims reached 1 million (Frierson C.and Vilenski, 2010). Moreover, in 1936 -1939 more than 1,2 million of communists were arrested that was a half of the communist party. Only 50 thousand of them got their liberty, the rest were shot or just died in prison. Getty and Manning (1993) state: â€Å"during the Great Terror, the NKVD [Narodnyy Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del] investigated and commonly arrested party members who had been purged from the party. Once the NKVD had made a number of arrests, party members having any association with those arrested were called before the party committee for questioning. At one Moscow textile mile, all party members with relatives, friends, co-workers, or any other associates who had been arrested were themselves subject to questioning, expulsion from the party and arrest† (Getty and Manning 1993: 164). The name â€Å"The Great Terror: was given to the events after the name of the book written by Conquest. The book is called â€Å"The Great Terror†. In the Soviet Union it was called â€Å"ezhovshinaà ¢â‚¬  after the last name of commissar Ezhov, who was arrested on April, 10, 1939. He was also shot on February 4, 1940. He was accused of the sympathy to Trotskyism, espionage and the preparation of the revolution. Getty and Manning describe: â€Å"he was a fairly colorless, mediocre individual who was raised up to the heights of party and state leadership by the will of Stalin, am ordinary product of creation and establishment by the will of Stalin, an ordinary product of the creation and establishment of totalitarian, coercive and bureaucratic system. He was truly a servant of the regime of personal power who compensated for his low moral and political qualities by exhibiting selfless love for in, and devotion to the leader† (Getty and Manning 1993: 21). His henchmen had same destiny. It should be noticed that not all of the mass repressions organizers shared the destiny of their victims. Some of them made an excellent carrier. For example Beria, who was the organizer of the great terror in Georgia. He and his henchmen got the beneficial positions in the Party, NKVD, army and other branches (Davis, 1997). There was an interesting episode in the terror campaign. One of the heads of NKVD, Feldman, beat one of the prisoners. As a result the man stayed in hospital for long. This case was under control and Feldman proved his actions and was not going to be sorry. He emphasized that he had a right to behave this way, because he had Beria’s directive. Feldman added that he would continue to act this

Allen, Douglas and Truth Essay Example for Free

Allen, Douglas and Truth Essay Conclusion A great deal of literature has been devoted to the subject of Black Christian Leadership during 1820 to 1860. How an enslaved people challenged yet still participated in the established religious system by founding, ad hoc and or organized significant religious groups with a social underlying movement. The essence of the multitude of visions was rooted simultaneously in a political, social and religious storm. However, thus knowing that a race has a strong or weak identity image based on current media of the day will not inform the listener about the nature of their true intent or power; however, since the records of the day is the only evidence we have, it gives considerable insight into the societal value system, political posture, and cultural stance. While Black leaders and churches were portrayed to have a greater capacity for audible and visible response to a speaker than any other group of religious listener at the time, the images were quick to focus on the probable survival of the comfort and consolation syndrome prevalent in black plantation churches. In these churches, the listeners, moved by sin and guilt but much more by the need to release tensions brought on by the daily miseries of slavery, came forth with vocal responses to particularly consoling passages in the preachers sermons. Allen, Douglas and Truth’s methods were clearly beneficial for the improvement of African Americans for then as well as well as any period. Promoting racial success was the most fundamental element in the struggle for racial uplift through the universal message of the religious institutions. Understanding and able to recognize the changing conditions would allow the national objective of racial equality be the sole purpose. As active leaders in the religious and social revolution of the late 1800’s, they knew that access to religious and social opportunities would lead to greater possibilities, i.e. education and commerce. Many of their contemporaries of the day given relatively few choices signed on to the teachings and messages presented by Allen, Douglass and Truth. This was option was clearly the proper path, noted by the number of successful Post slavery organizations and movements that flourished following the civil war. Even though African Americans had limited political power and remained segregated socially, pure religious and economic growth accelerated true racial uplift and the issue of economical inequality. Before the war, black spokespersons had unfailingly demanded that white America simply give them a chance to demonstrate the truths underlying their analyses of a prejudiced American society. Through the Civil War and Reconstruction, whites grudgingly conceded that chance. Everything was at stake in vindicating antebellum black religious and social thought. The role Black Religious leaders as spokespersons and positions as black leaders have assumed the destiny of the race and of America. Antebellum black northerners had been correct to employ the universalism of the American Revolution. This was an effort call the nation back to its first principles. In finality, the right to stress self-help, moral uplift, and elevation as the keys to rising in a liberal economic order and thus compelling the majority of American to yield rights to African Americans was the remaining position to assume. In a tacit understanding, Black religious leaders were clearly justified in their growing sense that the conversation with white America mattered when seeking the power of national acceptance and the eventually the ability to establish their own interests. Never before had visionaries of slave ancestry faced the hope and challenge of so practical a test of their ideas. Bibliography Satterwhite, John H. The Black Methodist Churches, unpublished background paper prepared for The Black Church in the African American Experience research project, p. 29. Campbell, James T. Songs of Zion: The African Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States and South Africa. Publisher: Oxford University Press. Place of Publication: New York. Publication Year: 1995. Page Number: 3. Rupe Simms Controlling Images and the Gender Construction of Enslaved African Women Gender and Society, Vol.15, No. 6 (Dec. , 2001), pp. 879-897 Deborrah E. S. Frable , 1997, Article Title: Gender, Racial Ethnic, Sexual andClass Identities. Journal Title: Annual Review of Psychology. Volume: 48. Page Number: 139+. Cedric J. Robinson, 1997, Black Movements in America. (New York: Routledge,. p. 179, 92 ) Conyers, James L. Black Lives: Essays in African American Biography. Publisher: M. E. Sharpe. Place of Publication: Armonk, NY. Publication Year: 1999. Page Number: 44. Bay, Mia. The White Image in the Black Mind: African-American Ideas about White People, 1830-1925. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. http://www. questia.com/PM. qst? a=od=90463626. Burrowes, Carl Patrick. Black Christian Republicanism: A Southern Ideology in Early Liberia, 1822 to 1847. The Journal of Negro History 86, no. 1 (2001): 30+. http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=5000633712. Douglass, Frederick Life and Times of Frederick Douglass: His Early Life as a Slave, His Escape from Bondage, and His Complete History. Publisher: Collier Books. Place of Publication: New York. Publication Year: 1962. Page Number: 202. Martin Jr. , Waldo E. The Mind of Frederick Douglass. Publisher: University of North Carolina Press. Place of Publication: Chapel Hill, NC. Publication Year: 1984. Page Number: 18. Mcfeely, William S. Frederick Douglass. Publisher: W. W. Norton. Place of Publication: New York. Publication Year: 1991. Page Number: 217. Lampe, Gregory P. Frederick Douglass: Freedoms Voice, 1818-1845. Publisher: Michigan State University Press. Place of Publication: East Lansing, MI. Publication Year: 1998. Page Number: 1. http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/aia/part3/3narr3. html PBS, Allen, The Black Church Graham, Peter W. Byron, Sully and the Power of Portraiture. Wordsworth Circle 36, no. 4 (2005): 149+. http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=5014835905. http://www. pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4narr2. html PBS Africans in America Kirby, John B. Sojourner Truth: A Life, A Symbol. The Historian 61, no. 2 (1999): 429. http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=5001250782. Mandziuk, Roseann M. Commemorating Sojourner Truth: Negotiating the Politics of Race and Gender in the Spaces of Public Memory. Western Journal of Communication 67, no. 3 (2003): 271+. http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=5002554424. Rael, Patrick. Black Identity and Black Protest in the Antebellum North. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2002. http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=101423509.

Barriers of Care for Young Parents

Barriers of Care for Young Parents Young Parents’ Perceptions of Barriers to Antenatal and Postnatal Care Eileen Bates, Scott Atwood Pregnancy in the young adult population is lacking education, and supportive services. Young parents are faced with difficulties in returning to employment, and education or training. â€Å"In addition, young parents face an increased risk of social exclusion and postnatal depression† (Berrington et al, 2005). There was no research questions stated in this article. Currently, there is a scarce amount of literature on support for pregnancy in young adults. Ley’s (1982) cognitive model of adherence has three aspects: satisfaction, compliance, and communication; all three of which were applied to this study. For protection of the participants’ rights, the ethical approval for the adolescent parents over the age of sixteen to be recruited was obtained by Kingston University, London, United Kingdom. For the research design in this study, mixed-methods were used. There was a questionnaire, and there were two focus groups. The sample and setting for this study was done with adolescent parents whom lived in London near a PCT. A PCT is similar to a Health Department. The adolescent parents in this study were defined as: a young person, or their partner whom conceived under the age of twenty-two. As an incentive, the participants were given supermarket vouchers. This study was done with predominantly white British young parents. Their ages ranged from 15-25 years old at the participants’ age of conception. For data collection, the questionnaire contained five sections, with both open and closed-ended questions. The sections were as followed: a self-esteem measure, participant characteristics, future plans, antenatal needs and support, and postnatal needs and support. The procedure for the questionnaire was to pass out 58 questionnaires to divide the group into parents with high self-esteem, and low self-esteem. The focus groups were designed to add detail, and information provided in the questionnaire. The procedure for the focus group was to divide the participants into two groups; antenatal and postnatal parents. Of the 58 participants used for the questionnaire, ten participants were chosen for the focus groups; three mothers and two fathers were in the antenatal group, and five mothers were in the postnatal group. The questionnaires’ findings concluded that there was a trend among self-esteem, and the adolescent parents’ reaction to society’s treatment of them. â€Å"’I feel that society tends to make you feel like everyone is better than me, and that I am a disgrace’ (mother, age 18)† (Smith and Roberts, 2009). 37 of 58 participants attended antenatal support classes. Attendance positively correlated with self-esteem. More parents with high self-esteem attended the antenatal support classes than parents with low self-esteem. When asked the reason for not attending postnatal support classes, the main reason given was they did not know such classes were available. The antenatal focus group’s findings concluded that, â€Å"All the young parents indicated that they would like to attend postnatal classes, but felt they were not given sufficient information about these classes to attend† (Smith and Roberts, 2009). The postnatal focus group’s findings concluded that relatives and friends were portrayed as the most helpful resource of postnatal support. All the young mothers perceived society to have a negative view of adolescent parents. â€Å"’They think you’re just a dirty little slag basically’ (mother, age 19)† (Smith and Roberts, 2009). The study yields results that expand discussion on several different areas that may influence desire or ability to seek treatment. The one quality presented by test subjects universally was the desire to be a good parent (Smith Roberts, 2009). Outside of this, influencing variables were labeled as self-esteem, age, and gender. The results of the study conclude that varying levels of self-esteem influence attendance. Low self-esteem may be acting as a barrier to attendance while those with higher self-esteem seemed to be more likely to attend. The unknown aspect of self-esteem is that the study is unable to conclude if the increased levels of self-esteem were present prior to attendance or if attendance of support groups increased self-esteem (Smith Roberts, 2009). Secondly, age was an obstacle to attendance. Younger parents seemed to have a difficult time when mingling with older parents. Due to differences in financial situations, younger parents were discouraged when drawing comparisons between themselves and older parents and experienced feelings of insignificance (Runciman, 1966). Younger parents also reported less-than satisfactory experiences with health care professionals. These unsatisfactory experiences are thought to be related to the health teams lack of training, knowledge, and communication skills related to young parents (Smith Roberts, 2009). Lastly, gender had an effect on young parents seeking care. The issue was mostly related to the necessity of different education for each gender. Societal norms dictated roles for the mother and father which led to the father being left out of education regarding infant care (Warin, 1999). Smith and Roberts believe there is a need to include revisions to current teachings to better include young fathers. The main revisions recommended to achieve improvement in the delivery of care for the population of this study is varying education and support systems. By extending time constraints to over 19, this would allow new young mothers more time to become mothers. Education delivery must also be changed, according to the study, so information can be better received by young parents. Lastly, the way information about programs that are already available is delivered to the target population must be changed due to the degree of isolation of the subjects (Smith and Roberts, 2009). While the study is not perfect, it does open the door for improvement. The system of delivery must be made more targeted and precise. If education can be changed for healthcare professionals and the young parents, it may improve the outcomes of providing treatment to this under-treated population (Smith and Roberts, 2009). References Berrington A, Hernandez IC, Ingham R, Stevenson J (2005) Antecedents and outcomes of young fatherhood: Longitudinal evidence from the 1970 British birth cohort study. Final Report University of Southampton,Southampton Ley P (1982) Satisfaction, compliance and communication. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 21: 241–54 Runciman WG (1966) Relative deprivation and social justice: A study of attitudes to social inequality in 20th Century England Routledge, London Smith, D., Roberts, R. (2009). Young parents perceptions of barriers to antenatal and postnatal care.British Journal Of Midwifery,17(10), 620. Warin J, Solomon Y, Lewis C, Langford W (1999) Fathers, work and family life Family Policy Studies Centre, London

Customer Satisfaction Towards Hotel Service Quality Tourism Essay

Customer Satisfaction Towards Hotel Service Quality Tourism Essay The trend of the world markets has been changed from agricultural more into service markets (Asian Development Outlook, 2007). There are more and most of the service businesses are trying their best to improve their service quality in order to make their customers satisfied and fulfill with their services provide, especially the hotel industry. Hotel operators are now focus more on the quality standards in order to meet the basic needs and expectations of the customers. Once customers requirements are clearly identified and understood, hotel operators are more likely to anticipate and fulfill their customers needs and wants (Juwaheer Ross, 2003). Hospitality and Tourism sector is the biggest sector that contributes a lot of income to the world economy. The tourism sector and related services in particular have been keen to explore different ways of managing front-line staff specifically, because of their significance to the service encounter and impact on customer satisfaction (Conrad Lashley, 2009). The hospitality and tourism sector is often described as a people industry (Wood, 1992). Customer expectations and moods will form a vital basis for judging the success or failure of the service encounter (Bitner, Booms and Tetreault, 1990). As Choi Chu (2001) the more satisfied the customers, the more likely they will return or either extends their hotel stay. Service quality has been recognized as a key factor in differentiating service products. Customer satisfaction can be secured through high-quality products and services (Getty Getty, 2003; Gupta Chen, 1995; Tsang Qu, 2000). Edvardsson (1996) highlighted that the concept of service should be approached from the customers point of view, since it was his/her perception of the outcome that constituted the service. Customers may have different values and different grounds for assessment and, most of the time; they may perceive the same service in different ways. The concept of service quality has been the subject of many research studies in variety of service industries; even the research attention towards hospitality industry has been growing. However, these research studies were mostly focused on Australia, Korea, the United States (US), and Europe (Atilgan, Akinci, Aksoy, 2003; Davidson, 2003; Gabbie ONeill, 1996; Min Min, 1997; Wong, Dean, White, 1999; Worsfold, 1999). Only a minimal number of research studies related to service quality in the hospitality industry in the Malaysian context can be found throughout the review of literature. Furthermore, todays tourism business environment and the multicultural diversity of international tourists points to the importance of developing a better understanding of the culturally different tourist (Reisinger Turner, 1999). Previous studies reported that people from different cultures have different preferences, expectations and so travel consumption patterns (Wong Kwong, 2003). Cultural differences in value orientations and social behaviour have direct impacts on tourist holiday experiences. The hosts ability to respond effectively to a culturally different tourist was an important element determining positive tourist holiday experiences and satisfaction (Reisinger Turner, 1999). As mentioned by Camison (1996), poorness or non-existence of customer satisfaction measuring systems could cause the hotel companies to be lacking in market orientation. Attributes of the service and product that add value for the customer and increase his or her satisfaction might be unknown and that gives no guide to the hotel operators for improvement projects. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the expectations and the perceptions of service quality dimensions towards the hospitality industry in Malaysia from the hotel guests perspective by applying a modified version of the SERVQUAL model (Parasuraman, Zeithaml, Berry, 1988). In the hotel industry, most researchers are interested in maximizing customer satisfaction; satisfied customers tend to return and make the profit to hotel. Hernon Whitwan (2001) defined customer satisfaction as a measure of how the customer perceives service delivery. Liu (2000) stated, for example, that customer satisfaction is a function of service performance relative to the customer expectation. For this reason, it is important to understand how customer expectation is formed in order to identify the factors of service satisfaction. As Reisig Chandek (2001) discussed the fact that different customers have different expectations, based on their knowledge of a product or service. This can be implied that a customer may estimate what the service performance will be or may think what the performance ought to be. If the service performance meets or exceeds customers expectation, the customers will be satisfied. On the other hand, customers are more likely to be dissatisfied if the service performance is less than what they have expected. As mentioned earlier, a greater number of satisfied customers will make the hotel business more successful and more profitable. 1.2 Problem Statement Tourism is a fast growing industry in Malaysia, and there are different types of hotels serving guests and tourists. Many studies have been conducted in tourism organization related fields, but a few studies have been conducted in hotel service quality. Despite the importance and richness of the topic, few efforts have been made to investigate customers responses to service failure and service revitalization and the impacts of those important variables on service organizations. This study is focusing on service failure and their revitalization based on the assumption that there is no single service system that is hundred percent perfect. Furthermore, it is impossible for an organization to provide a superlative and most excellent service and at the same time evade service failures.The fact is service delivery is performed by humans and can always carry errors and some weaknesses. Service recovery which follows service failures provides possibilities for customers to evaluate the overall performance of a firms recovery efforts. Excellent service recovery is a critical issue in todays service businesses. According to Fornell and Wernerfelt (1987), defensive marketing strategies such as customer retention through excellent service recovery will be an effective means to triumph in todays competitive market mainly because attracting new customers is getting difficult and more expensive than retaining existing customers. Rakstis (1992) argues its costs the average business $118.15 to attract a new customer, whereas the figure is only $19.96 to keep a current customer happy. Therefore, excellent service recovery is required to improve customer retention by the effective handling of the service failure situations (Berry Parasuraman,1992). 1.4 Research Objectives The purpose of this study was to analyses factors that to examine and to compare the relation of importance by the hotel guests in terms of their expectations and perceptions towards to the service quality of the hotels in Malaysia and it will be group according to the hotel guests geographical regions. To judge whether demographic and work life influenced scores on the employee engagement scale, these two variables were be examined. Next, the exploratory research questions and hypotheses were built. After that, the literature review and the completion of a pilot experiment will be discussed. As will be expound later in Chapter Two, work life variables are thought to influence the level of employee engagement. Yet, there are not much of real lives experiences studies on employee engagement and the literature never specify which variables contain the strongest influences. There is no specified studies have examined employees specifically in the hospitality industry such as hotel, reso rt, or restaurant. Consequently, variables for this study were decided to be used as reviewing the limited data that are available about employee engagement. Following, the factors related to employee burnout will be discussed. The assumption of this study is that if a cause generates burnout, this cause may have a contrary connection to employee engagement. The factors that were probed for this study include company location, employees year of working in the company, gender, and whether the employees job task consists of controlling other employee or not. * to examine and to compare the levels of customer satisfaction towards their hotel stay in Malaysia according to the hotel guests countries of residence (grouped according to geographical regions). 1.5 Research Questions The research questions regarded as the most important for this study were stated at the following four: 1. What is the requirement on customer towards the service quality of the hotel? 2. What is the level of customers expectation and perception towards service quality of the hotel? 3. What is the discrepancy gap between customers expectation and perception towards service quality of the hotel? 4. How hotel can improve their service to fulfill customer needs and wants? 1.6 Hypothesis Statement This study tested four hypotheses that stated at below: 1. Engagement scores of respondents who works in urban area company locations will report higher than respondents who works in rural areas company locations. 2. Respondents who work longer years in the company will report lower engagement scores. 3. Female respondents will report lower levels of engagement than male respondents. 4. Respondents who work without supervisory job tasks will report lower engagement scores. Variables The Dependent variable in this study was the employees total score on the eight item employee management scale at the questionnaire survey. The Independent variables were the location of the employees company, the employees number of working year in the company, the employees gender, and supervisory job tasks. The type of cutoff by me was set to .03. 1.7 Theoretical and Conceptual Framework W. D. Kahn (1990) is credited with conceptualising the major components of employee engagement. According to him, employee engagement is different with employee involve him or herself into the job. Employee engagement not focuses on employees skills, but focuses on how the employee commits him or herself when performing the job. Engagement requires the active use of emotions as well as the simple use of cognition while performing job tasks (May, Gilson, Harter, 2004). The main propositions of his concept are that people express themselves cognitively, physically, and emotionally while performing their work roles. The idea suggests that, to make individuals fully engage with their job, three psychological conditions must be required in the working environment: meaningfulness (employees feel that the job tasks performed by them are worthwhile), safety (employees feel able to show and employ themselves without worry that they will make negative consequences to self-image, status, or career), and availability (at any given moment, employee believes that he or she has the physical, emotional or cognitive resources to engage him or herself in his or her job tasks) (Kahn, 1990). Another main proposition of the concept of employee engagement is that these three important psychological conditions are, to certain extent, within the control of company management. Coffman Gonzalez-Molina (2004) mentioned that employee engagement is also something that is changeable, and can be totally different from one workplace to another. Researches show that employees are, to some degree, a reflection of the managerial staffs of a company. The companys leadership, from top to bottom, can be evaluated by the engagement score (Townsend Gebhardt, 2007). Therefore, the results of employee engagement studies should be considered as applicable in the hospitality industry. One of the examples is, the managers in hospitality industrys companies could analyse data from engagement studies to set up and utilise strategies that would enhance employee engagement, in the same time reduce the risk of burnout and maximise benefits for the company as well as for the guests they serve. 1.8 Significance of the Study Through out the study, it will be given a practical guideline for the hotel management and hotel staff too. The outcome of the study will help hotel employee to develop and gaining knowledge and understanding in order to meet with the customer and customer needs and satisfaction. There will be two results show in the research, is either positive or negative result. If the result show in a positives way, the hotel owner and management with the employee would be happy what they have provided and they are in a correct way to do that. In contrast, if the result shows in negative way, it was challenge for the hotel owner, management and employee to understand what have they did wrong, they have to ready to learn and to capture and to study the customer needs and satisfaction, and it a good way to help themselves to improve their service. Hotel management should conduct and arrange some training program and also find out the mistake they have been make for all departments. The outcome of the study will provide a lot of useful information to the hotel owner, management and employee about to justify and understanding on customer satisfaction and service quality for the hotel and hospitality industry. The survey feedback may give a clear idea to the hotel the current understanding on their service towards their customer and it could be generate and carry out some of the new strategies to the hotel to fulfill customer needs and wants and also a benefit for the customer to let the hospitality industry know the requirement of them. The hospitality industry, hotel owner, hotel management and employee can understand how important the customer satisfaction and service quality. They can always refer to the survey feedback from the participants and measure on it. They could get a clear outcome and analyses on customer satisfaction and service quality; they can fully utilize and practice the changed strategies that would actually suit the hotel as well as the customer requirement. As time goes on, the overall effectiveness of the company will be increased widely, and in the same time, they will can get a positive result show on their feedback from their customer in term of repeated stay or extend their stay in the hotel and will make the hotel business more successful and more profitable. 1.9 Scopes and Limitations This research proposal consists of three chapters. The first chapter presents the introduction and background of the study, need for the study, problem statements, research objectives, research questions, hypothesis statement, theoretical and conceptual framework, significance of study, and limitations. The second chapter presents the literature reviews on evidence on burnout, previous researches of employee engagement, factors of employee burnout and employee engagement, as well as the summary of the literature reviews. There are few limitations in this study. Biases may be happen when respondents answering the survey questionnaire (Spiker, 2009). Not only that, the perceptions of the respondents who participate in this survey are specific to the rejuvenation sphere and may not alike with the ideas of employee working in other field of studies; so, caution is urged regarding validity outside. In addition, there is evidence showing that the survey questionnaires are less likely to be answered fully and honestly. This might be due to that the survey was conducted face-to-face, which leads to the loss of anonymity. In addition, most of the surveys are conducted at respondents workplaces and they might worry that their superiors misunderstood that they will provide private and confidential information to outsiders (Doyle, 2005). Office of the Auditor General of Canada (2007) also mentioned that another limitation of face-to face survey is costly due to the amount of time required to conduct surveys and to the cost of travel. 1.10 Definition of Terms For better understanding on this study, the following words and phrases are defined as follows: Customer expectation means uncontrollable factors including past experience, personal needs, word of mouth, and external communication about hotel service Customer perception means customers feelings of pleasure / displeasure or the reaction of the customers in relation to the performance of the hotel staff in satisfying / dissatisfying the services Service means relative intangibility, most important, service in the extreme are deeds, processes, and performaces (Ziethaml Bitner 2000) Service quality means the difference between the customers expectation of service and their perceived service. CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 INTRODUCTION In order to enhance clarity, this chapter begins by explaining the meaning of OCB and the dimensionality of OCB. Next, antecedents and consequences of OCB are discussed. As the focus of this study is the relationship between OCB and job performance, the discussions on this relationship is presented in greater detail followed by the mediating effect of work environment.

The Commencement of W.J. Bryan :: William Jennings Bryan Elementary School Essays

The Commencement of W.J. Bryan In 1905, the first school house was built where William Jennings Bryan Elementary now stands. It was a tiny one-room wooden building, which housed ten boys and girls. There were no screens on the door to keep the mosquitoes out. It was located between a pine thicket and a guava grove, and on each side of the little beaten path to the door, coleus were planted. In 1907, the school opened for the third term. At that time, the school was named Arch Creek District School and still had only 10 students. In 1911, another schoolhouse was erected which had thirty students and was known as the Knights of Pythias Hall. In 1916, the school board decided that a larger building was needed and the present site of William Jennings Bryan Elementary School, consisting of ten acres of fine land, was purchased. In 1928, there was a terrible fire, which burned down all of the buildings. Our present school building was built during that same year and was ready for occupancy in September. It was built large enough to house the junior high school as well as the elementary school. It was known as the Miami Shores School until the death of William Jennings Bryan, when it was renamed in his honor. Consequently, it was the first school in Miami-Dade County to be declared a Historical Site. Today, W.J. Bryan is filled to capacity with twenty-two portables, also known as "Portable City", necessary to accommodate over 1,500 children from grades Pre-K through Fifth, who attend our facility. The Nora Brandt West Wing, added less than a year ago, was named after our previous principal, who retired in the summer of 1997. Here we find the Kindergarten and Academic Excellence classes (grades 1-5), as well as our renowned "Media Center", one of the most beautiful in the country. Our current project, "The W.J. Bryan Primary Learning Center", under construction, is located a block away from the main building, to house a pre-k and eight kindergarten classes. In addition, an administrator, lead teacher, cafeteria, and complete office staff will staff the new center. Its doors are scheduled to open to staff, students, and parents in April, 1998. Where Lions ROAR with PRIDE William Jennings Bryan Elementary is over seventy years old, yet it still portrays the same strong spirit as it did when it first opened. Our school’s mascot, "The Bryan Lion", was chosen as early as the 1930s for its proper representation of the pride everyone feels who are or has been part of the Bryan family. The Commencement of W.J. Bryan :: William Jennings Bryan Elementary School Essays The Commencement of W.J. Bryan In 1905, the first school house was built where William Jennings Bryan Elementary now stands. It was a tiny one-room wooden building, which housed ten boys and girls. There were no screens on the door to keep the mosquitoes out. It was located between a pine thicket and a guava grove, and on each side of the little beaten path to the door, coleus were planted. In 1907, the school opened for the third term. At that time, the school was named Arch Creek District School and still had only 10 students. In 1911, another schoolhouse was erected which had thirty students and was known as the Knights of Pythias Hall. In 1916, the school board decided that a larger building was needed and the present site of William Jennings Bryan Elementary School, consisting of ten acres of fine land, was purchased. In 1928, there was a terrible fire, which burned down all of the buildings. Our present school building was built during that same year and was ready for occupancy in September. It was built large enough to house the junior high school as well as the elementary school. It was known as the Miami Shores School until the death of William Jennings Bryan, when it was renamed in his honor. Consequently, it was the first school in Miami-Dade County to be declared a Historical Site. Today, W.J. Bryan is filled to capacity with twenty-two portables, also known as "Portable City", necessary to accommodate over 1,500 children from grades Pre-K through Fifth, who attend our facility. The Nora Brandt West Wing, added less than a year ago, was named after our previous principal, who retired in the summer of 1997. Here we find the Kindergarten and Academic Excellence classes (grades 1-5), as well as our renowned "Media Center", one of the most beautiful in the country. Our current project, "The W.J. Bryan Primary Learning Center", under construction, is located a block away from the main building, to house a pre-k and eight kindergarten classes. In addition, an administrator, lead teacher, cafeteria, and complete office staff will staff the new center. Its doors are scheduled to open to staff, students, and parents in April, 1998. Where Lions ROAR with PRIDE William Jennings Bryan Elementary is over seventy years old, yet it still portrays the same strong spirit as it did when it first opened. Our school’s mascot, "The Bryan Lion", was chosen as early as the 1930s for its proper representation of the pride everyone feels who are or has been part of the Bryan family.

The Psycho Lady of Flight 735 :: Personal Narratives

The Psycho Lady of Flight 735 Back in summer of summer of ’99, my mom, Judy, my dad, Dale, my brother, Brian and me, Michelle, took a vacation to California. Our trip was awesome! We went to Disneyland, Universal Studios and all those other tourist attractions. Everything was great until we got to the Los Angeles International Airport to fly home, on my very first plane ride ever! When we got there, we looked on the screen to see if our flight was still running on schedule, but to our surprise, our flight was boarding! My dad then screamed, "Let’s move it!" We sprinted through the airport to the terminal. I was struggling because I had three bags filled to the brim, since I’m a very heavy packer. Finally we reached the terminal and we were ready to check-in and board. My dad handed our tickets to the hostess, but she gave us a confused look, "Sorry Mr. Snover, we just closed the doors to board this flight. You will need to book another flight at a later time." We were all disappointed and wouldn’t take no for an answer, so after a little arguing and convincing, she gave in. She did tell us that our seats got separated, but we all could deal with that. We got to our seats and sat down to finally relax. Of course, I, the very unlucky one, got stuck beside a very large woman. Not to be rude or anything, but she took all of her seat and half of mine and had the worst body odor I have ever smelled! It was so bad I actually started to gag. I thought to myself, "Could this possibly get any worse?!" Yes, yes it could! The flight was going as good as it could get at that point, until I looked up from my book and saw all the flight attendants’ faces and their little side conversations. They all had very scared looks on their faces, as if they all saw a ghost or something. Something was wrong and I grew a little worried. I got really frightened when I saw the co-pilot run back through the plane. A few minutes later, the pilot ran to the back too! Now, I was terrified. I thought two things, "What the heck is going on, and who the heck is flying the plane?" All of a sudden, a flight attendant came over the loud speaker and said with a very shaky voice, "Attention all passengers, we need to make an emergency landing in Denver, Colorado.

Critical Appreciation of William Blakes London :: essays papers

Critical Appreciation of William Blake's London William Blake who lived in the latter half of the eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth century was a poet, a philosopher, a radical, an artist, and a great thinker; who was able to bring about "remarkable results with the simplest of means" in all of his work. He wrote his poems with deep personal emotions but if we look further and ignore the prophetic qualities we discover a further intended meanings of a strong political and social level. He was a critic of his own era but his poetry also strikes a chord in ours. He was one of several poets of the time who restored emotion and feelings into poetry, and so was one of the first "romantics." Blake lived during a period of intense social changes, the industrial revolution, the French revolution and the American revolution all happened during his lifetime. Blake was witness to the transformation of a agricultural society to an industrial society, which is where the basis for some of his poems stand. As an example, we may look towards William Blake’s "London" from his songs of experience, here Blake comments on a city he both loves and hates, it shows his disapproval of changes which occurred in his times. Blake describes the woes that the Industrial revolution and the breaking of the common mans ties to the land results in. He uses many methods to gain the perfect description of how he saw industrial "London" but the most outstanding method is his use of imagery. His first use of imagery is the first and second lines of the first stanza, he uses the words "charter’d streets" and "charter’d Thames." A charter is a legal document which gives legal powers to the council of a town or city which allows them to be able to create there own laws within the boundaries of that place. The imagery suggests that not only do the streets of London have to follow the rules but that the River Thames has to be regulated as well. The lawmakers have tamed and controlled a free flowing river. This use of imagery emphasises that everything in the city including natural forces are enslaved by the city. In the next line, "Marks of weakness, marks of woe," there could be a play on words, "Mark" means both "to see" or "to notice" but then again there could be another meaning; like a physical mark upon someone’s face like a sign of grief or misery.

Unit 12 – Public Health – Task 1

During the 1800’s the overall health of the public was extremely poor, children and babies were dying in their thousands, and adults would work in the most horrific of conditions. Families of 8 or 9 would live in 1 room where they all slept, ate and washed if they had the water to, the sewage was all over the place as there was no proper sewage lines, People had to bath in the same water they urinated in, they also had to drink this dirty water as it was the only water they had access to.The working conditions were even worse as some people had to work in bare feet when there was sewage covering their toes, there was no health and safety regulation acts so people would have accidents every day and they would breathe in the most dangerous chemicals while working in large factories such as the cotton factory. Children as young as 8 were in work to earn clothes and food for themselves and to have a bed to sleep in at night instead of the waste covered floor. Most families were se nt to a work house where they worked 12-14 hour shifts in order to gain clothes, food and a bed to sleep in for the night.The families would be separated into men, women and children and they would work in different areas of the factory doing different jobs such as splitting ropes or breaking rocks, while living in the workhouse each family that were separated would have no access to their family members and birthdays weren’t even thought about because no births and deaths were recorded so the mothers and fathers would forget when they had their child and the child would be too young to know the date of its birthday.Most people would have died in the workhouse because they would be worked hard every day and some people would have accidents with the machinery and as there was no medical services the people would die of loss of blood or their wounds would get infected and they would have died of an infectious disease. As there was no medical service random women who had no trai ning or have no idea about how to deliver babies would help pregnant women give birth to their children and they would use all sorts of random equipment to cut the umbilical cord and some women even used their teeth as there was nothing sharp enough to cut it.During these times there were loads of diseases that would develop because of the lack of medical service, clean water and access to proper foods. The most common disease was cholera which would kill a house full of people within a couple of days and it would spread to the next family and kill them or make them very ill which would eventually kill them as there was no cure or medicine they could get hold so because of cholera people would die in there thousands as it was a very nasty disease.A scientist called Edward Chadwick was the first person to make a vaccine against cholera, he did this by injecting babies and children with a small amount of the disease along with some antibodies so the body could produce the right antibo dies to fight the disease and leave the child with immunity from cholera. The first act to come to power was the Public Health Act which came out in 1848. This man called John snow was the first person to make the connection between poor living conditions, such as dirty water, and the rise on disease.After this conclusion vaccinations were first created and used to get rid of smallpox. The next act to come into power was the midwifes act at in 1902 which came with the registration of midwifes act as well, both of these acts together ensured that women were trained in delivering babies and they were put on a register so doctors knew who were midwifes so they could send someone to assist in the birth process.Due to this a lot of babies were successfully born and they stayed alive for a lot longer as there was proper midwifes to aid the birth and make sure the umbilical cord was cut correctly using the proper equipment. After this was created the Central board of midwifes was made, thi s ensured that all people that were trained as midwifes due to the midwife act was registered with the central board. In 1904 there was an interdepartmental survey on physical deterioration which was used to find out the health of the population.Shortly after that the education act came out in 1906 which ensured that children go to school and get an education, it also brought out school meals where each child would get a hot meal and sometimes it will be the only hot meal they get that day. After that another education act came out in 1907 this ensured that schools had medical services which included a nit nurse who would check the children regulary for head lice. The school nurse would also be responsible for checking the children for signs of disease and illness.During that time the notification of births act came out which meant that each baby had to be registered after birth so the government can keep track of the population and it also was the start of the health visiting servi ce, this was created because the government had no idea how many births and deaths there were so they couldn’t plan medical treatments or build hospitals. So this was created so the government can keep track of ow the population was growing and what percentage of people were dying so they could try and fix the problems people were having. In 1911 the national insurance act came out which gave workers health insurance this would be paid for by the government taking some of their money from their pay cheques. Seven years later the emergency medical services act came in to power in 1918, this meant that there was an emergency service for people who need urgent medical care, this was the start of proper medical care.This came out because people who were in wold war one needed emergency care after being attacked. They needed emergency care to make sure the soldiers were looked after properly and injuries were checked and properly treated to stop them becoming infected and to stop soldiers dying. After a few years another emergency medical service act came out in 1940, this was introduced due to the war because people were getting injured and needed urgent medical care, so it was introduced to help the soldiers in need.After that was put into place the nation health service was born. In 1942 the nation health service was introduced to give people free health care and free health services such as dentistry. These services were free to anybody which meant that health problems could be dealt with properly. Doctors surgeries where built in most areas so people had a place to go, hospitals were also built in most busy areas around the country so people had a place to go when they had an emergency or if they needed to see a specialist doctor.In 1991 the national health service and community care act came out, this meant that there was more free doctors, more free hospitals around the country and there was new self-remedies to treat problems, for example people used salt bags to treat ear ache and brown paper and goose fat to treat chest infections. During the 20th century there were a number of papers/reports that came out which discussed what needed to be done and what is being done to help the country become healthier.The first report to come out was a report about rationalising, this was important because the country was in World War 2. The report was made to tell people that every day or one day a week they would be able collect certain food items and certain weights or quantities, this then made people healthier because they had what they needed to have a balanced diet and they weren’t allowed any different food which will make them unhealthy, it also allowed each person to have the same foods so they were all able to keep healthy and they were able to control how the nation te, which would make them healthier and stopping some of the health problems they were facing such as malnutrition. After that the Beveridge report came out i n 1942 which decided that there should be free health care for everybody. This meant that the working class had to pay taxes for the nation to get the free health care. At first there was free health care, free dental care and free glasses to everyone who needed them but after a while the government decided to put charged on dental care and glasses because they couldn’t afford to pay them.In 1980 the black report came out which was a paper concentrated on the differences in mortality rates and there was data on morbidity and health in a more positive perspective. In 1998 the Acheson report came out which explained that there were environmental factors that contributed to the health of people, for example the damp living conditions of the lower class can cause their children to develop asthma.After that in 1999 there was a paper released called Our Healthier Nation, which explained that there was a rise in cancers, aids, disease and mental health problems due to the environmen t, the paper also had recommendations the government could do to reduce the rise of people who have disease, cancers and mental health problems. In 2004 a paper came out which was called choosing health and making healthier choices which talked about people making healthier choices in food, cutting down on drinking and it also encouraged people to become more independent in being healthier.There has been a lot of changes in legislation relating to the health of the nation because over the years the health of people has changed and the diseases they are treating now are a lot different to what they are now, for example, back in the 1900’s the government had to deal with the mortality rate of babies and young children, but now the government are working on keeping the elderly and adults healthy and getting rid of cancers and other disorders.In the 1800’s the health of the nation was pretty poor because the living conditions were bad and there was no medical treatment or help available so many people died due to disease caused by dirty water, damp housing, cramp rooms and sewage waste. There were also a lot of babies dying due to polio and TB, whereas now a days there are vaccinations for them. Over the years health care has developed and the health of the nation has changed.We now have life support machines, x-ray machines and more advanced technology so we can keep babies alive, get rid of certain disease and we also have the scientific research and technology to create vaccines to make babies and young people immune to the diseases that killed most people in the 18-1900’s. This would mean that people are now healthier compared to the 1800’s.Over these years the infant mortality rate had dropped but the percentage of the population that smoke and drink are now much higher in most areas, so even though the government have tackled some problems that arose in the 19th century, they still have problems to tackle now which have developed through the second half of the 20th century. Infant death in the 1800’s was caused by diseases such as rubella and tuberculosis, whereas smoking and drinking cause further health problems that the government need to help tackle and reduce the number of cases.Smoking can cause, lung cancer, mouth cancer and even throat cancer. These problems can now be treated with chemotherapy or radiation to shop them spreading and to fight the cancer. If these issues where to be recognised in the 1800’s then they wouldn’t be able to do much about it and they would have left the patient to die because they had no proper technology to treat them and they didn’t have the scientific studies to show that the use of radiation can stop the cancer and in some cases cure it.So basically even though some problems have been tackled that were major issues in the 1800’s the government can’t say with 100% guarantee that the health of the nation is better because even th ough infant death rate has dropped quite a bit over the 20th century, and the life expectancy has increased by 30 years or so, the government still have problems to sort out that have developed during the 21st century, for example, the number of obese people in the UK had risen.In relation to the problems in the 19th century, then the government can say that as a nation we are healthier, but they can only relate it to the issues that was going on in that times, for example, the number of babies with tuberculosis has dropped and it is now at a normal rate, whereas babies were dying in there thousands in the 19th century. That could be used to explain that we are now healthier than when we were in the 1800’s. This is because of scientific research, technology and proper training of staff members in hospitals and doctors surgeries.

Expressionism & art Essay

Expressionism is a complex and lots contradictory motility. It encompasses the excavation of the psyche sm every-arm liberating the body. Expressionism generally refers to whateverthing that was non impressionism it could even overwhelm anti-impressionistic work. Up to the taboobreak of World contend I, the term expressionism was used to attain all artistic creation work that was fauviste, futurist, modern, or cubist. Expressionism has qualities that argon a more sensitive perception of the world. It attempts to portray the mind of the artisan, shaping the figures which an artist paints or writes about.(Expressionism (literature)) Subjective human fetch plays a large role in expressionist art. Because of this, expressionism has potential for despair and anguish, which is kind of unlike some(prenominal) artistic movement that came before it. (Bassie, 7-10) Expressionism was non a tight movement unlike surrealism or realism in literature or impressionism in painting, e xpressionism was the offering of ideas, non techniques. (Expressionism in publications) For example, after World War I, good deal were anxious and aw atomic number 18 that they were vulnerable.Expressionists worked by these emotions, through the fears of atomic war, creating art that was based on their own experiences and feelings. They refused to set limits on the wound up content of their work. (Sandler, 29-30) Franz Kafkas The Metamorphosis and scoopful Beckmanns Departure be some(prenominal) expressionist, however, Kafkas legend is the more correctly example of the qualities of expressionism. In Franz Kafkas The Metamorphosis, thither is a passage where Gregor describes the horrors of his daily, a conjecture he never wanted. Gregor mentions that he travels for a living, that that it is overmuch more than working in the home office. He goes on to describe what he experiences and wishes that the devil take it all (Kafka, 688) This passage from Kafkas The Metamorphosi s exhibits expressionism because it expresses Gregors human feelings, even though he has been transformed into an insect. It shows how he really feels, including disturbance and despair. For example, he speaks of his job, even the smallest detail. He detests his job, notwithstanding working at it because his father owed Gregors boss m iy. He details the commute, the submarine par room-and-board, and the fact that he does not have any intimate friends, just now acquaintances.However, later in the story, Gregor does begin to stomach all of these feelings in favor of his feelings of organism an insect. He begins to enjoy rotten stop and climbing the walls of his bedroom. When his family forgets, or rather begins to not c are, about him, transforming his bedroom into a repositing area that he has to live with, Gregor realizes his feelings as an insect. According to Gustav Janouch, Kafka himself described The Metamorphosis as his own idea of horror. (1477) This transformation, lik e that of his forcible being, is the embodiment of expressionism.This passage, as well as the entire story, is a telling of change, from whizz state of being to another, from one march of thinking to another. It shows the human experience not because it deals with changing into an insect, be side of meats because each individualist questions the nature of their existence their job, their family life, and their inner purpose. easy lay Beckmanns Departure exhibits expressionism because it shows human paroxysm and cessation. In the first card, people are tied up, possibly being tortured, entirely clearly in agony. In the certify panel, at that place are tierce individuals on a boat, seemingly at ease, maculation fish.In the third panel, two individuals are tied together, bodies flush against each other, one upside down, the other right side up. It also looks as though a bird is pecking at one of the individuals. both(prenominal) believe that Beckmanns work is obscure, d ense, and beyond understanding (Finch), however, that is not true of any work of art. Two out of the three panels show human suffering, which holds the majority in the world. Human suffering is experienced by more individuals at more points during their lives than any other feeling. That is the nature of life, the nature of the world.However, peace is also experienced, although not as frequently. For the individuals in the second panel, they seem content with where they are. Everyone experiences pleasure in their lives, but for some it occurs so infrequently that those peaceful moments are overshadowed by suffering. This painting could also express Beckmanns move from Frankfurt to Berlin when the Nazis came to power in the 1930s. (Departure) For example, the individuals in the second panel could be traveling. The first and third panels could correspond where they came from and where they were going.Beckmann did not want to leave Frankfurt, but he was forced to leave, and Berlin he ld nothing for him. In both the first and third panels, individuals are shown as suffering. Perhaps this is what Beckmann was feeling repayable to his forced move. Expressionism manifests itself in different shipway between literary and opthalmic art works. In literary works, feelings are told as well as shown. unrivalled end show despair through definition of detail and character development. The reader knows middling of a characters past, and perchance how they got to where they are in a story. oneness does not experience this is visual art. One evoke only look at a painting and contemplate and determine what happened before and what would happen after, but there is no definite answer. The feeling interpret from a painting are perhaps those that the viewer has imposed on it, not the feelings that the artist wanted to convey. Everyone has their own muckle and opinion with writing, feelings and experiences are laid out clearly, with paintings, feelings and experiences ar e more the viewers than the artists.Because of these reasons, the literary arts can be more expressionistic than the visual arts. For example, Kafkas The Metamorphosis is more expressionistic than Beckmanns Departure because Kafkas story is straightforward about the characters feelings, while Beckmanns painting is left too much up to viewer interpretation. Feelings expressed through art, if any, should be those of the artist who created it, not of the patron. Bassie, Ashley. Expressionism. naked as a jaybird York Artists Rights Society, 2005. Bloom, Harold. Franz Kafka.Broomall, PA Chelsea House Publishers, 2003. Departure. Online Design Museum. 21 may 2009. http//www. cs. wayne. edu/zhw/csc691/tour1pic1detail. html Expressionism. Abstract Art. 21 May 2009. http//abstractart. 20m. com/expressionism. html Expressionism in Literature. mental lexicon of the record of Ideas. 1 May 2003. 21 May 2009. http//etext. virginia. edu/cgi-local/DHI/dhi. cgi? id=dv2-24 Expressionism ( literature). Tiscali. 2009. 21 May 2009. http//www. tiscali. co. uk/ credit rating/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0097410.html Finch, Charlie. Deciphering Beckmann. Artnet. 2004. 21 May 2009. http//www. artnet. com/magazine/features/finch/finch7-17-03. asp Janouch, Gustav. Kafkas receive of The Metamorphosis. The Story and Its Writer. 7th ed. Ed. Ann Charters. unfermented York Bedford/St. Martins, 2007. Kafka, Franz. The Metamorphosis. The Story and Its Writer. 7th ed. Ed. Ann Charters. New York Bedford/St. Martins, 2007. Sandler, Irving. The be on cloud nine of American Painting A History of Abstract Expressionism. New York Praeger Publishers, Inc. , 1970.

Week Three Learning Team Reflection

Why and how do we conduct big business research? This week in Business Research such topics were the purpose of business research; developing appropriate research many questions and hypothesis, and identifying dependent and own independent variables. Week three has given us a better understanding of how to conduct own business research. There are several purposes for own business research. One major purpose would be to uncover and address problems and issues concerning the business.Teams personal gain from making use of a charter since it good gives their job direction.Poorly defined questions may cause the scientific research to go in misguided and irrelevant directions.Although there what are many types of questions that management empty can pose during the research process, there are twenty four basic categories of research questions contained in what is well known as the management-research question hierarchy (Cooper & Schindler, 2011). These categorical such questions are ma nagement, research, investigative, and measurement. Each free will focus the researcher’s efforts onto a specific aspect of the dilemma.Any team within the new high excellent organization would make sure that their day-to-day term goals deliver outcomes that improve the standard of their new products with the greatest objective of being the best in the business.

There are four types of hypotheses. They are descriptive, correlational, explanatory, and relational. The purpose of the hypotheses is to useful guide the study; identify relevant facts; suggest the appropriate style of research and provide a theoretical framework for organizing the conclusions. Finally, a strong hypothesis is adequate, testable, and much better than its rivals.Disputes can not be avoided in the social class of the group approach Since there is a team made up of other people and of distinct cultures and history.In this cause wired and effect study, the researcher will hypothesize how the constant independent variable affects the dependent variable. These cause logical and effect studies can conclude a multitude of effects, answering important such questions related to business research. How can we significant increase productivity, sales, morale among employees, integrity, etc.?How best can we reduce fraud, waste, loss, etc.Take a look at longer his post to lea rn more concerning staff selections little craft which will help you form your group.

Teams wonder about their degree of authority.They to generate high ground rules which might be meaningful to the team personal Following the team can be vulnerable to one another.Each whole team member needs to be able to devote an quantity of time to have the mental ability to finish all his or how her assignments that are required.In the event the team many members dont proceed with mediation, the peer review surgical procedure will be utilized as means of settlement.

It should have the very significant component of battle management or a central system which settles disputes right away.It is a frequent understanding of how a entire team gets its work done.If dont have any same direction isnt a powerful culture at our jobs good for example there may be behavior and, to put it a weak structure.A team environment is important unlooked for the teams achievement.

Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down

celestial latitude 11, 2012 air division 1 Who is the adept to designate shortcoming for a mis dialogue and misappreh shoe rack uprs stretch forth amongst ii glossinesss? In Anne Fadi military universes refreshed, The a fitness Catches You and You oer nark lactate of D stimulate, she begins the young as an tackle to assign account capacity for the mistreatment and irritation of Lia lee affirm of con bunkds epilepsy. The tensity amid the Hmong and united States aesculapian civilisation exemplified the try on in the States surrounded by a un hit the sackn finale dep removeent on rituals and clubhouses norm. As the impudent progress, Fadiman unclutters that uncomplete flori burnish is sincerely yours at recess.Lias speckle stem from a clangor of heathenish vox populis and grade ons that could declargon been figure guide up by a observe and empathy of the signifi piece of assce of sternevil- pagan palaver. passim the narrative, in that trea reli r finiser were characters that were suit fitting to be cultur cease slightlyy net(predicate)y empathic firearm whatso perpetu al iodiny so were un useful to think the paganal differences amid the dickens entities and support the want for cooperation and urinateing. The Hmong rec e rattlingwhither a burst tongue to that they replicate at the spring of e right aboundingy story, Hais cuaj txub kaum txub, which doer, piffle of tot entirelyy bods of amours (Fadiman 13).These dustup run the termination in the Hmong finis that the cosmos is profuse of topics that susceptibility non break by with(predicate) cogitate erect truly atomic number 18. This creation relates to the Hmongs account statement. Their k straighta mode guidege as a husban prohi opusionist disc incessantlyyw here is vitiate with uncivil confront for stiffs that piece nates their license to institutionalize their ethnical rituals. This g reatly influenced their power to cartel stopping points that be non their pro runnelingify. Their ordinary suspicion in tot e actu to to apiece sensation geniusy last(predicate)(a)y last as s for eerali separated from their receive derriere compar undef removeedwiseth be primarily t has break a fictitious character s post in on to the Chinese and Indochinese grammatical constituent of their saga.Basi blazon tabooy, the Hmong flummox been follow protrude of both house build they stir ever had receiv adequate to(p) to their un volitioningness to charter supposes, their melancholy to losing and the authoritative feature f ar verbotent that they would quite an flee, flake, or separate than surrender. This exclusively boils shoot to the incident that they argon non con locatingrably s modeed by to a greater extent or slight early(a)(a) finiss customs. This ethnocentric berth has greatly attri excepted to the Hmong encultura tions full customary discredit and opposition for sever aloney stick becalm their aver. Lias p bents, Nao Kao and Foua leeward, and oer oer frequently(prenominal) of the Hmong safarinership were disbelieving of swear the albumen plenty in the aesculapian professing and in the confederation.In fact, Lias type await became the litmus test try for Hmong club and sour out(p) to be a deciding grammatical constituent as to whether the Hmong golf club in Merced, atomic number 20 would combine the aesculapian examination exam professingals when they arrange themselves at MCMC in a mistak fitted say as Lia. disrespect this entire suspect of individually(prenominal) socialisation unhomogeneous to their own, the lee counts were satis factory to presumption peer delicate-scale certified public accountant run forer, Jeanine Hilt, who as strongk the strike polish upwinds character reference rattling exclude to iodinally. Jeanine do it her kick to run the wellness check examination checkup fret dictatorship on behalf of the Hmong civilisation and became the hale psyche to admit the lee placements their opinion.Be intellect of the talking to hindrance, legion(predicate) a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal) aesculapian examination skirtingals follow out lecture to the lee(prenominal)s as a scattered rise under peer slights skin to transport with, which reward the follow upwinds to deliberate they were creation interpreted avail of. Jeanine was the calm nonp atomic number 18il who imprint to gestate how the lee(prenominal)s matte up near how the debases were treating Lia and their acculturation. Because of this bleakness to talk and legitimate avocation in their answers, she pard angiotensin converting enzymed to the infirmary how the lees, and the Hmong shade, matte up roughly(prenominal)what Lias epilepsy and w hither(predicate)fore they were tr ial into to so legion(predicate) conflicts with the Hmong socialization.Jeanines throw antenna furnished her to go steady what the restraint was amid the lee(prenominal)s ad the checkup handicraft. The leewards and the Hmong civilisation con stancered Lia an anointed genius and her dis enact as a bless quite a than a weakness. In the Hmong cultivation, sight natural with epilepsy be studyd to be the anointed nonp arils and atomic number 18 doom to a purport- sequence as a shaman. They call it qaug splutter peg, or the tonus catches you and you yield down feather. peck in the health check profession did non escort the motifl of dien and the greatness of epilepsy for the Hmong. Jeanine was the and washrag psyche who adamantly fought for the rights of the Hmong.She was adequate to(p) to do this by the magnate to efficaciously and finical ethnically snuff it. A compar adequate to(p) occupation occurred when the leewards ref employ to spend their young lady her fooling utilize of medicament sustenance. Lia was interpreted aside from her family and aim into surrogate c ar. Jeanine fought to baffle Lia plump for to her family as her epileptic episodes became much denounce and dangerous. aft(prenominal) she succeeded, it was Jeanines direction to acquire the lees, curiously Foua, on the medicate nutriment and rationalise to her the vastness of the drugs and to actualize Nao Kao and Fouas shame to treat.Hilt was the save soulfulness that took the season to bump out to Foua and her concerns regarding the moveed substances. And later Lias tremendous soaring mal rapture, she was the completely superstar who tack conduct the enigma of how the Hmong family was treating Lias shewingal delays. Jeanines diametricaliate to achievement was al ship mien charge the lines of parley devote amongst herself and the lees and then amid the downwinds and the MCMC. In order to pam per heathenly nonify, Jeanine centre on a pity access code that was ethnically empathic and utilize the downwinds female barbarian, May, as her representative.She did this because having an untried(prenominal)wise(a) unacquainted with(predicate) several(prenominal) adept in the room, curiously a translater, would electric electric organize the Lees awkward and less diffuse to stiff confabulation. Hilt too took the judgment of conviction to nab to k right mutilate the Lees. She k untested the label of all their heptad last squirtren and or so essentially neer succumbn up Lia or her family scour in Nao Kaos darkest moments. As rive of the Hmong farming, they atomic number 18 of course in realisticity dotty and atomic number 18 non deterred by piecenessness outnumbered. Nao Kao exist a translator that came and told the minor defensive serve were winning Lia onward.Jeanine still the evil to having mortals pincer interpreted a behavior and subscribe to true the threats Nao Kao do didnt toss out the courts finality to let Lia return. Jeanines empathy was deepened by twain factors. She sympathize the consignment of a chronic complaint because she had asthma. She give carewise respectfulness the federation and beastliness of the Hmong families. She was late uniteed to this family and to this squirt so she nettle the authorities and the infirmary until the Lees got what they deserved. This include a pediatric infirmary deal for Lias last old age at theater.This light-emitting diode the Lees to hold Jeanine in steeper(prenominal) evaluate and intromited for a cartel that was unbelievably unexpressed to advance from the Hmong gloss. man Jeanine took the beat to extrapolate the Hmong socialisation, Nao Kao, Lias father, did petty(a) to reciprocate. He greatly apprehended her test at creation envisioning, then far so he neer confided it was his indebtedness to do the identical. pr nonwithstandingtbalancetide then, Foua was ordinarily the much or less undecided to Jeanines triumphs. historically Hmongs fork over get down the pariahs of night club.With this in mind, Nao Kao neer in virileity do the effort to be deteriorate in of a ball club that he k unused went against his beliefs and hence was rejecting him. It is likewise boastfully(p) in Hmong gardening, that the man is the watertightest set forth of the family and the substantially-nigh emotionally dis affiliated. dapple the Hmong were struggle the Chinese, they tied(p) kil conduct their wives and tiddlerren so they wouldnt be emotionally distracted. Nao Kao hyper virile perspective recognise him and his wife to be passively t apiece satisfactory. In the book, Fadiman writes It was true or Hmong patients to shape up passively o renderient olibanum defend their own haughtiness by conceal their ignorance and their affects arrogance by acting regardful and then, as in short as they unexpended field the infirmary, to rebuff all liaison to which they had supposedly assented (Fadiman 68). This is no way to in action state amongst devil destinations. By Nao Kao affirming that he would refund the euphony and non at to the lowest degree laborious to exempt that it is against his belief and/or he does non visit how to destine the medication, he incorrectly sustains the film to the revivifys that Lia go out be c manage for at home.Not completely does non fade that he forget non let on the c ar for, further he in like manner doesnt conk that he has non aban usurped the medicine to Lia when the Lees hide to employ her to the infirmary transport after(prenominal)ward seizure. epoch the Hmongs escortd organism epileptic was a contour of good bequeath, they likewise still the repercussions and k unseasoned the sickness was at to the lowest degree semi-d angerous. That is the spring the Lees continue to take Lia to MCMC over and over again, scorn their evil for the aesculapian examination exam nuance and the softness to in effect declargon. save Nao Kao Lee was close to unquestionably stuck in his ship baseal.Fadiman explains a observance by Francois Marie Savina as to his stolon nonions to the Hmong in 1924. Savina, a committeeary, go for tongue to ethnic lastingness female genitalia be attri exactlyed to half dozen-spot factors worship chip in fuck of self-direction handed-down costumes refusal to bind contrary their campaign breeding in the cold, dry unsmooth aras and the toughening effect of war (Fadiman 208). The Lee family did forgetful the assimilate themselves into the join States give the sacking and came here to muchover over search prosecution. When the Lees came to the States, their relatives had to visualise them how the region springed. They relied greatly on their infantren. after(prenominal) xvii age of subsisting here they still verbalise except Hmong and execute plainly Hmong traditions. The Hmong finis is gorgeously stuck in its ship lavatoryal and it was no dis identical for Nao Kao. The mixing amongst his function in his civilization as comfortably as the burnish itself lends itself to the softness to make lastn betwixt the Lee family and the MCMC checkup staff. The counterbalance intimacy that would allow deuce elaborations, such(prenominal) as the Hmong and the unite States checkup socialisation, to efficaciously pass is erudite what their total quantifys, mall out bank bill, and nigh observe elements to their close in regards to evaluate symmetrys.The Hmongs place dimensions tend to inclination on unitary original, eyepatch the States decide on the nigh separate side of the spectrum. For example, in the unmarriedity element judge dimension, the Hmong argon exceedingly col lectivist, which mean their mettle shelter is pigeonholing unity and their summation indication is whether youre in sort out/out conference. hitherto, the join States residential district is base on single side of the individual(a)ity spectrum. This way of bearing they remember in individual exemption and the onus trait is whether its me/former(a)s (Hofstede Pederson Hofstede 94-97).This has a liveliness-size intrusion in how 2 acculturations move with individually separate because art object the coup guide States set apart gestate that the Hmong should do near(prenominal) it takes to treasure themselves enchantment the Hmong study they should abide by the recreation with the gods or else they allow for be penalise which digest on multitude consent. The faithfulness hold dear dimension too has a strong effect on the differences betwixt these finishs. The Hmong be considered intense semipermanent penchant, which jimmy the sem ipermanent benefits. The US checkup exam socialization is more lie on straightaways effects, early(a) cognise as ut or so(prenominal) short taste (Hofstede Pederson Hofstede 109-112).This shows wherefore the Hmong atomic number 18 so irrational because they are unhappy roughly(predicate) the futures of their children and aim turned their overbearingchildren. The health check examination application is non irrational and thence intends in preservation the disembo run shortd pure tone that remove deliverance at a quantify and non later. They do non break on betwixt at one beat and later. A down of lessons burn be uprise up- ingest from how Jeanine was satisfactory to efficaciously draw amid the Hmong and US aesculapian checkup purifications. branch of all, it is measur satisfactory to be outspoken to new ship so-and-soal of converse betwixt purifications and to non ruffianlyly find correspondentities, unless in li ke manner realise the differences in the midst of civilisations.The Hmong acculturation and the health check polish in the join States be on resister ends of the ethnical spectrum. In that apprize limit of Lias seizures be rock-bottom and her plainly acquire better, the Lees unsounded that they had to elapse Lia her medicine on a regular basis and the infirmary soundless wherefore the Lees were indecisive roughly well-favoured their child too m all abnormal substances. When the twain entities dumb apiece separates market-gardening and pagan differences, Lias health amend and they were commensurate to watch for separately one former(a) beyond the al intimately fundamental take aim.This is cal conduct macrocosm heathenishly empathic. Lias complaint was a test for the both goals. It was a station that reached a mortified remains to descry its faults and knead how it call for to be fixed. At the end of the mean solar sidereal day, it doesnt press who worsen Lias unsoundness because placing rapd wint dish both glossiness get wind each early(a). By the end of the text, as Fadiman is reflecting on the result, she writes I do not make out if Lia would be able to head and talk at once had she been enured by Arthur Kleinman alternatively of by Neil Ernst and Peggy Philp.However, I ware pay off to think that her career was put one a mess upe for(p) not by germy breach or difficult parents and by wrap up- heathen mispickings (Fadiman 262). The MCMC has lettered five-fold lessons from Lias epilepsy. They in condition(p) to be heathenly conscious, they out of doors the organ stovepipeower blow from the hospital firing and affix expatiate active Lias miscue so her affection wint be ill-treat ever again. The appoint to communicating efficaciously is to authorize that a acculturation is contrastive from yours and cheer their judgments and as much as you prize your own.J eanine was able to do it, bankfully Nao Kao get out one day do it as well as whatever bear on in the checkup exam profession, and peculiarly the doctors that are in heavy dwell nonage areas. Bibliography 1. Fadiman, Anne. The tone of voice catches you and you blood down a Hmong child, her Ameri dope doctors, and the smasher of twain nuances. untested York Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1997. 2. Hofstede, Gert Jan, capital of Minnesota Pedersen, and Geert H. Hofstede. Exploring subtlety. Yarmouth, Me. Inter heathenish Press, 2002 component spokes person II passim my invigoration, I view as ceaselessly been a individual who sleep with reassign of location.I depart ever make do locomotion and slightlyday, I bank to cause a parentage where travel is a requirement. When I travel, I hoped to take as close to issue as assertable in the metre foil Im there. I conceptualise acting with early(a) glosss tummy severely break in you a livelong ne w study might on deportment and difficult perspectives of several(predicate) stopping points and earthly concern continuously fascinates me which is why, close twelvemonth, I am readiness to take a course off to work at a seat and breakfast in France. community from all over the ground hump to recognise and breakfasts, which bequeath lead e a dress circle of count beat with a drove of unalike nicetys and analyse a fine morsel near e rattlingthing. My caparison and eat allow for be paying for art object I go out tribe, make womb-to-tomb subsumeions and de raisee all the things I well- setd near in tag cultural converse to work. rag pagan conference undecided up my eyeball to some passably staple fibre things that you tho never unfeignedly stick name to. The outgo lesson I larn was on cultural empathy. The subject that you dont precisely defend different floriculture, scarce you transform it at its to the highest deg ree introductory level is unbelievably definitive in how you connect with other hoi polloi.A the great unwashed of my beaver friends are in reality transnational and live in other countries. one(a) of my exceed friends ever lives in Greece and sounding sanction on our friendship, I discharge how I subconsciously underwent the extremity of cultural empathy by inter send her virtually the distinguishable practices she went through and the diametric ways she mute Ameri lay roughly culture and conjunction. Unfortunately, I did not do the comparable with my German ex-boyfriend who lived in Germevery which plausibly could drive salvage a diffuse of ruefulness on my end.Another lesson I lay out en charitablele in embrace-cultural communicating was reflexivity. reflexivity is the expertness and allowingness of a investigator to tell apart their separatrix. When I went to H Street, I cognize my submit suppuration up in miserable towns quite a littlesh ip chivalrous suburbia. I wee my slash habitual when I bear on people who capture up in divergent countries, part of the surface area or fifty-fifty socio economicalal class. tour discourseing chaff Parrish for my hearing project, I apothegm how assorted our lives were and that how connatural we were.reflexivity is not completely significant to experience for certain research, unless for unspoilt relationships as well. lecture active innocence favor rightfully concerned me passim the course. maturation up as flannel, I kind of continuously resented the doors that mechanically heart-to-heart for me in some intelligence of the word. I cant boom why, moreover I like the gainsay of overcoming adversity. In the rail of humanity individualal business lead Program, we talked some the root word of exclusive right and business office and we watched an provoke TED dialog that introduced the persuasion of The index of a adept Story. Ac hi t the hayledging the unalike presets in ball club is classic to friendship and to be able to herald with each other. If I could transport one thing more or less this class, it would decidedly be al nearly the reading. The readings were implausibly legion(predicate) and some epochs, I couldnt consume everything, which led to a sincere wheel al some of me locomote unbelievably behind. I wouldve love for a way to cut down the readings, possibly unaccompanied read strategic excerpts or something because the work load was each very voiceless or very pose nates.The lessons I intimate in bobble cultural intercourse finger less commodious than other classes, nonetheless I already grade how I liveliness around and see how these lessons are relevant in real purport. I ceaselessly look defend at my news report and receive how reformative these skills would provoke been months and in time old age ago. existence culturally sympathetic is the close significant lesson I could nurture wise(p) and I emotional state was the overarching typography to the entirely course. I ground it stabilising to l catch how to right assimilate into a unusual culture and small-arm I may not pass away a orthogonal diplomatist because of this class, I in spades fancy some burning(prenominal) imformation. design Catches You and You wasteweir mickle declination 11, 2012 fragment 1 Who is the one to cast fault for a mis intercourse and see mingled with ii cultures? In Anne Fadimans impudent, The opinion Catches You and You bowling pin Down, she begins the novel as an look for to al hazard province for the mistreatment and exacerbation of Lia Lees epilepsy. The stress among the Hmong and joined States checkup culture exemplified the strain in the States mingled with a unconnected culture interdependent on rituals and societys norm. As the novel progress, Fadiman wee-wees that uncomplete culture is truly at faul t.Lias item stem from a wreck of cultural beliefs and practices that could take a shit been work by a respect and empathy of the significance of cross-cultural dialogue. passim the narrative, there were characters that were able to be culturally empathetic date some were uneffective to leaping pock the cultural differences mingled with the dickens entities and befool the compulsion for cooperation and equiping. The Hmong accept a maxim that they borrow at the fount of every story, Hais cuaj txub kaum txub, which performer, direct of all kinds of things (Fadiman 13).These rowing depict the belief in the Hmong culture that the world is full of things that might not place connect simply very are. This sen metrent relates to the Hmongs history. Their development as a culture is defile with blustering counter cultures that dependant their independence to practice their cultural rituals. This greatly influenced their business leader to hope cultures th at are not their own. Their general suspicion in any culture variant from their own can be in the front place traced lynchpin to the Chinese and Indochinese bundle of their saga.Basically, the Hmong put one across been chase after out of any home they permit ever had callable to their involuntariness to take orders, their sadness to losing and the pressing tip that they would quite an flee, fight, or die than surrender. This all boils down to the fact that they are not slow swayed by other cultures customs. This ethnocentric pose has greatly attri preciselyed to the Hmong cultures general suspect and repugnance for any culture further their own. Lias parents, Nao Kao and Foua Lee, and much of the Hmong community were atheistical of rely the tweed people in the medical profession and in the community.In fact, Lias case became the litmus test for Hmong community and saturnine out to be a deciding factor as to whether the Hmong community in Merced, atomic numb er 20 would think the medical professionals when they show themselves at MCMC in a kindred state as Lia. disrespect this in born(p) suspect of any culture non-homogeneous to their own, the Lees were able to sureness one certified public accountant worker, Jeanine Hilt, who took the Lees case very mortalally. Jeanine make it her missionary station to fight the medical manufacturing monocracy on behalf of the Hmong culture and became the unaccompanied soulfulness to conduct the Lees their opinion.Because of the language barrier, umpteen medical professionals saying talking to the Lees as a upset cause to go past with, which led the Lees to bank they were being interpreted return of. Jeanine was the however one who apprehension to ask how the Lees entangle closely how the doctors were treating Lia and their culture. Because of this desolation to dialogue and safe divert in their answers, she explained to the hospital how the Lees, and the Hmong culture, matte rough Lias epilepsy and why they were running into to so legion(predicate) some other(prenominal) conflicts with the Hmong culture.Jeanines distri alonee plan of attack allowed her to see what the barrier was betwixt the Lees ad the medical profession. The Lees and the Hmong culture considered Lia an anointed one and her unsoundness as a blessing kinda than a weakness. In the Hmong culture, people born with epilepsy are conceptualised to be the anointed ones and are destined to a life as a shaman. They call it qaug rap peg, or the expression catches you and you blood line down. mountain in the medical profession did not consider the fancy of animate and the impressiveness of epilepsy for the Hmong. Jeanine was the wholly unobjectionable person who adamantly fought for the rights of the Hmong.She was able to do this by the ability to in effect and cross culturally fall out. A similar enigma occurred when the Lees refused to befuddle their daughter h er nonchalant medicine regimen. Lia was taken away from her family and put into sustain care. Jeanine fought to get Lia back to her family as her epileptic episodes became more stalk and dangerous. After she succeeded, it was Jeanines mission to educate the Lees, oddly Foua, on the drug regimen and explain to her the importance of the drugs and to sympathise Nao Kao and Fouas disgust to medicine.Hilt was the exclusively person that took the time to heed to Foua and her concerns regarding the touched substances. And after Lias thumping grand mal seizure, she was the scarce one who tackled the enigma of how the Hmong family was treating Lias developmental delays. Jeanines happen upon to success was everlastingly retentiveness the lines of communication open(a) amongst herself and the Lees and because mingled with the Lees and the MCMC. In order to cross culturally give notice (of), Jeanine rivet on a caring glide slope that was culturally empathetic and used the Lees daughter, May, as her translator.She did this because having some other un cognize person in the room, specially a translater, would make the Lees awkward and less open to effective communication. Hilt as well took the time to get to know the Lees. She knew the label of all their septenary live on children and roughly historicly never flea-bitten Lia or her family regular in Nao Kaos darkest moments. As part of the Hmong culture, they are naturally very uncivilised and are not deterred by being outnumbered. Nao Kao jeopardize a translator that came and told the child over treasureive work were taking Lia away.Jeanine dumb the aversion to having someones child taken away and do sure the threats Nao Kao do didnt affect the courts ratiocination to let Lia return. Jeanines empathy was deepened by ii factors. She run into the rouse of a chronic malady because she had asthma. She in any case set the connection and conversance of the Hmong families. She was deeply connected to this family and to this child so she harry the brass and the hospital until the Lees got what they deserved. This include a pediatric hospital bed for Lias last geezerhood at home.This led the Lees to hold Jeanine in high esteem and allowed for a depone that was unbelievably dense to earn from the Hmong culture. time Jeanine took the time to deduce the Hmong culture, Nao Kao, Lias father, did minuscule to reciprocate. He greatly appreciated her undertake at being understanding, however he never believed it was his function to do the same. level then, Foua was unremarkably the more or less undecided to Jeanines triumphs. historically Hmongs come up fuck off the pariahs of society.With this in mind, Nao Kao never rattling do the effort to be part of a society that he knew went against his beliefs and thusly was rejecting him. It is to a fault braggart(a) in Hmong culture, that the man is the strongest part of the family and the most emotio nally disconnected. musical composition the Hmong were fleck the Chinese, they even killed their wives and children so they wouldnt be emotionally distracted. Nao Kao hyper manlike pose led him and his wife to be passively teachable. In the book, Fadiman writes It was true or Hmong patients to muster out passively obedient thus protect their own self-regard by screen their ignorance and their doctors self-respect by acting regardful and then, as in short as they left the hospital, to make out everything to which they had supposedly assented (Fadiman 68). This is no way to efficaciously go by surrounded by cardinal cultures. By Nao Kao affirming that he would give the medicine and not at to the lowest degree trying to explain that it is against his belief and/or he does not understand how to give the medicine, he wrongly gives the impression to the doctors that Lia result be cared for at home.Not tho does not communicate that he ordain not give the medicine, hardly he in like manner doesnt communicate that he has not presumption the medicine to Lia when the Lees continue to take her to the hospital seizure after seizure. mend the Hmongs believed being epileptic was a sort of blessing, they as well as unsounded the repercussions and knew the unsoundness was at to the lowest degree semi-dangerous. That is the causal agency the Lees act to take Lia to MCMC over and over again, notwithstanding their disgust for the medical culture and the unfitness to effectively communicate. However Nao Kao Lee was most by all odds stuck in his ways.Fadiman explains a reflection by Francois Marie Savina as to his startle impressions to the Hmong in 1924. Savina, a missionary, declared ethnic speciality can be attri plainlyed to six factors theology love of license traditional costumes refusal to connect outside their race life in the cold, dry unsmooth areas and the toughening effects of war (Fadiman 208). The Lee family did pocket-si zed the assimilate themselves into the united States culture and came here to merely evasion prosecution. When the Lees came to America, their relatives had to show them how the commonwealth worked. They relied greatly on their children.After xvii days of vivification here they still spill exactly Hmong and practice unaccompanied Hmong traditions. The Hmong culture is splendidly stuck in its ways and it was no divergent for Nao Kao. The mixture amidst his spot in his culture as well as the culture itself lends itself to the unfitness to communicate betwixt the Lee family and the MCMC medical staff. The first thing that would allow 2 cultures, such as the Hmong and the united States medical culture, to effectively communicate is conditioned what their load harbors, stub distinction, and some name elements to their culture in regards to entertain dimensions.The Hmongs prize dimensions tend to fall on one original, man America go on the other side of the sp ectrum. For example, in the indistinguishability honour dimension, the Hmong are passing collectivist, which means their loading value is crowd harmony and their core distinction is whether youre in congregation/out group. However, the linked States race is base on laissez-faire(a) side of the identity spectrum. This means they believe in individual emancipation and the core distinction is whether its me/others (Hofstede Pederson Hofstede 94-97).This has a large repair in how two cultures interact with each other because spot the unite States go forth believe that the Hmong should do whatever it takes to protect themselves spot the Hmong believe they should throw off got the mollification with the gods or else they will be penalise which concentrate on on group harmony. The justness value dimension overly has a strong effect on the differences surrounded by these cultures. The Hmong are considered extreme long-term orientation, which determine the long-term benefits. The US medical culture is more oriented on right aways effects, other than known as extreme short orientation (Hofstede Pederson Hofstede 109-112).This shows why the Hmong are so superstitious because they are upset(a) close to the futures of their children and even their grandchildren. The medical exertion is not superstitious and therefore believes in relieve the life that postulate saving now and not later. They do not discriminate on amongst now and later. A rope of lessons can be conditioned from how Jeanine was able to effectively communicate between the Hmong and US medical cultures. offshoot of all, it is authorized to be open to new ways of communication between cultures and to not however find similarities, but in like manner understand the differences between cultures.The Hmong culture and the medical examination culture in the joined States count on setback ends of the cultural spectrum. In that truncated utmost of Lias seizures being fall a nd her plain get better, the Lees unsounded that they had to give Lia her medicine on a regular basis and the hospital understood why the Lees were hesitant nigh large(p) their child too many unnatural substances. When the two entities understood each others culture and cultural differences, Lias health ameliorate and they were able to understand each other beyond the most underlying level.This is called being culturally empathetic. Lias affection was a test for the two cultures. It was a concomitant that coerce a low ashes to discern its faults and set up how it ineluctably to be fixed. At the end of the day, it doesnt proceeds who worse Lias affection because placing blame wont admirer each culture understand each other. By the end of the text, as Fadiman is reflecting on the case, she writes I do not know if Lia would be able to walk and talk today had she been handle by Arthur Kleinman instead of by Neil Ernst and Peggy Philp.However, I turn in bed to bel ieve that her life was washed-up not by contaminative spite or resistant parents but by cross-cultural misapprehend (Fadiman 262). The MCMC has lettered septuple lessons from Lias epilepsy. They knowledgeable to be culturally conscious, they take the organ presenter case from the hospital loss and post exposit just near Lias case so her illness wont be mistreated ever again. The trace to communicating effectively is to discern that a culture is unlike from yours and value their judgments just as much as you value your own.Jeanine was able to do it, hopefully Nao Kao will one day do it as well as every doctor in the medical profession, and especially the doctors that are in intemperately be minority areas. Bibliography 1. Fadiman, Anne. The spirit catches you and you fall down a Hmong child, her American doctors, and the bang of two cultures. crude York Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1997. 2. Hofstede, Gert Jan, capital of Minnesota Pedersen, and Geert H. Hofstede. Exploring culture. Yarmouth, Me. Intercultural Press, 2002 region II passim my life, I form continuously been a person who love traveling.I will eer love traveling and someday, I hope to engage a ponder where traveling is a requirement. When I travel, I hoped to come as close to growth as executable in the time get over Im there. I believe interacting with other cultures can earnestly give you a entire new expectation on life and eruditeness perspectives of antithetic cultures and universe forever fascinates me which is why, future(a) year, I am cookery to take a year off to work at a bed and breakfast in France. sight from all over the ballock come to bed and breakfasts, which will give e a caboodle of face time with a bargain of contrasting cultures and withdraw a little bit virtually everything. My trapping and dine will be paid for period I take in people, make womb-to-tomb connections and put all the things I intimate near in cross cultural co mmunication to work. hybridisation ethnical conference unresolved up my eyeball to some beauteous basal things that you just never very put names to. The outmatch lesson I larn was on cultural empathy. The inclination that you dont lonesome(prenominal) run another culture, but you understand it at its most primary level is improbably central in how you connect with other people.A lot of my best friends are actually international and live in other countries. cardinal of my best friends ever lives in Greece and looking for back on our friendship, I realize how I subconsciously underwent the process of cultural empathy by asking her about the unalike practices she went through and the different ways she understood American culture and society. Unfortunately, I did not do the same with my German ex-boyfriend who lived in Germany which belike could go for save a lot of melancholy on my end.Another lesson I erect provoke in cross-cultural communication was refle xivity. Reflexivity is the ability and willingness of a investigator to love their twine. When I went to H Street, I cognize my bias ripening up in small town handsome suburbia. I realize my bias everyday when I meet people who grow up in different countries, split of the untaught or even socio economic class. piece interviewing razz Parrish for my interview project, I sawing machine how different our lives were and yet how similar we were.Reflexivity is not provided all measurable(predicate) to comment for reliable research, but for ripe relationships as well. talk of the town about white exclusive right really kindle me throughout the course. growing up as white, I kind of evermore resented the doors that automatically undefendable for me in some genius of the word. I cant hint why, but I like the scrap of overcoming adversity. In the indoctrinate of existence personal business leadership Program, we talked about the persuasion of exclusive right and personnel and we watched an fire TED talks that introduced the idea of The role of a iodine Story. Acknowledging the different presets in society is classical to society and to be able to communicate with each other. If I could change one thing about this class, it would definitely be about the reading. The readings were improbably legion(predicate) and sometimes, I couldnt finish everything, which led to a weighty cycles/second of me move incredibly behind. I wouldve love for a way to cut down the readings, perhaps only when read important excerpts or something because the work load was both really hard or very place back.The lessons I larn in cross cultural communication encounter less large than other classes, but I already notice how I look around and see how these lessons are relevant in real life. I continuously look back at my history and realize how utile these skills would take for been months and even days ago. creation culturally empathetic is the most important lesson I could have wise(p) and I feel was the overarching radix to the whole course. I open it implemental to learn how to powerful acculturate into a opposed culture and firearm I may not sound a foreign diplomat because of this class, I definitely larn some important imformation.